An Analysis Of The Asian Financial Crisis

An Analysis Of The Asian Financial Crisis The miracle that was East Asia came to a sudden halt in 1997.  After growing by an annual average of more than 8%, Asian economies not only shifted to lower gear, they even reversed course.  The collapse of the Thai baht in July 1997 sparked off a massive financial and economic maelstrom in the region.  As exchange rates and stock markets plunged, foreign debt denominated in foreign currencies soared.  Many domestic firms became insolvent, interest rates skyrocketed and credits dried up as panic by domestic and international investors ensued.  Meanwhile ethnic tensions, erstwhile contained by strong economic growth, flared up again, particularly in Indonesia.  This, in a nutshell, was the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis. Despite prompt and concerted attempts by developing countries, industrial countries and international organization to contain it, the Asian Crisis of 1997 spread to other Asian, Latin and Eastern European economies to varying degrees. In fact, this crisis put one third of the globe into recession in 1998. The crisis raised various questions regarding, not only the future of the regions economy but also about the impact of the crisis on various multinational companies and the world. Reasons Although explanations differ, most accounts now agree that the weakness of Asian financial systems was pivotal. One scenario was that, the liberalization of capital accounts and financial systems in Asia interacted with poor and inadequate regulatory structures.  This led to rapid domestic expansion, as reflected in asset price bubbles, which in turn fuelled more borrowing.  As a result, the economy was held hostage to shocks like changing investor expectations.  When external events pricked the bubble, the spiraling increase in asset inflation became a downward spiral of asset collapses. Another scenario highlights the role of short-term maturity debt and the term structure mismatch between assets and liabilities that made these economies extremely sensitive to investor expectations.  The short-term liabilities of Asian ec`onomies were very high, with someparticularly Thailand, Korea, Indonesia, and Malaysia far exceeding their liquid reserves prior to the crisis.  This made them extremely vulnerable to sudden calls for repayments. Yet another scenario emphasizes the policies of fixed exchange rates followed by Asian governments, which encouraged over borrowing and contributed to the fragility of the financial sector.  When the US dollar appreciated against major industrial currencies, the Asian economies whose currencies were pegged to the dollar also appreciated, thus worsening their export competitiveness.  Poor export performance due to lower competitiveness was compounded by weak domestic demand from Japan, and low cyclical demand for semiconductors worldwide.  This, combined with the vulnerability of Asian financial systems, changed the overly optimistic outlook on Asia.  The stage was thus set for the currency attack and financial crisis. The question still being debated, however, is what made these economies pursue policies that rendered them vulnerable to external shocks, and what economic incentives or disincentives led to the weakening of the Asian financial structure, apparently to its very core? Although much has been written about the Asian financial crisis, two competing explanations dominate the debate over the root cause of the crisis.  One story is that the Asian financial crisis was caused by a panic-induced illiquidity of capital markets, the panic hypothesis or illiquidity hypothesis.  The other story maintains that the Asian financial crisis stemmed from latent structural defects, induced by adverse incentives, which then encouraged excessive risk taking, the so-called moral hazard hypothesis. Panic Illiquidity The panic view, simply told, is that the frenzied haste to divest out of the region resulted in costly asset liquidations, asset price collapses, domestic bank runs and the drying up of credit.  According to those in this camp, economic fundamentals, including government policies in crisis countries may have been unsatisfactory, but did not warrant a crisis.  Real exchange rates, for instance, were only slightly overvalued.  Instead, the crisis occurred because of adverse shifts in market expectations.  These shifts can generally be precipitated by almost anything like the collapse of a big bank, political turmoil or lackluster export performance.  Once panic prevails, however, sound fundamentals become irrelevant.  Market expectations are therefore the key to understanding crises. What the panic hypothesis highlights is the inherent instability of international financial markets.   Structural Defects Moral Hazards The moral hazard view attempts to explain why economies like Thailand, Korea, and Indonesia reached such a level of vulnerability that they were like disasters waiting to happen.  This view maintains that the root cause of the crisis lays in the wrong economic incentivesinduced by implicit or explicit government guarantees, connections with the powers-that-be or interlocking ownership structures-which then led to over borrowing, over lending, and over-investment. In other words, the moral hazard view places bad government policies at the heart of the crisis, even though these very policies were once lauded for achieving fast growth and material improvement for so many people.  The point, however, that the moral hazard camp tries to drive home is that the vulnerability of the Asian economies resulted from the accumulation of many years of bad habits, glossed over while the going was good.  Some of these bad habits were actually residues of the industrial policies and winner-pick ing that, ironically, was thought to have propelled these economies to tiger hood. Policy Implications from the Lessons Learnt The divide between the two views extends to policy implications for a post-crisis, global financial environment.  On the one hand, the panic camps main policy focus was on reform of the international financial system, the inherent instability of which was spotlighted in the Asian crisis.  Grand proposals like the need for an international lender-of-last-resort, an international bankruptcy court, burden sharing between private creditor and borrower alike in the event of a systemic crisis, and better provision of information to minimize uncertainty, were the major policy prescriptions of panic view adherents. The moral hazard camp, on the other hand, was more concerned with removing the incentives that gave rise to economic vulnerability.  It proposed an arms length relationship between banks, instead of the old cozy relationships.  It also advocated increased transparency and improved corporate governance, as well as the strengthening of banking supervision and regulation. Most of the policy recommendations for strengthening the international financial system focused on the following: Improving Corporate Governance Improving corporate governance means addressing the bad incentives or moral hazards stemming from certain ownership structures.  In Asia, these structures include interlocking directorships between banks and firms; family-dominated, corporate ownership; ineffective legal and regulatory frameworks; and a lack of transparency and adequate disclosure rules.  These all contributed to the overleveraged characteristics of Asian corporations.  For this reason, an effective legal and regulatory framework, coupled with strict rules of transparency and disclosure, is fundamental for sound corporate governance and efforts are going on in this direction. Financial Restructuring Closely connected to corporate governance reforms is the supervision of banks and the financial sector.  In contrast to governance issues, however, this is more straightforward.  Bank restructuring, for instance, has had a slow start but has nevertheless advanced.  Solvent firms have been closed, some banks have been recapitalized, mergers are taking place, and Asian governments have established appropriate agencies to take care of foreclosed assets.  Rules on the foreign ownership of banks and financial institutions have also become more liberal, non-performing loans are finally being tackled, and securitization attempted. Financial restructuring must go hand in hand with better corporate governance and an improved regulatory and supervisory structure.  Supervision needs to be tight and strong, professional and arms length.   Regional Cooperation The imperative for maintaining the momentum of systemic and institutional restructuring lies with national governments, but there is some scope for support at the regional and international levels.  Opportunities exist, at a regional level, for East Asian governments to engage in policy consultation and to share their experiences in reforming the corporate and banking sectors.  The formation of the ASEAN Surveillance process is a significant development along these lines.  Its main purpose is to set up a monitoring and early warning system for the region, but it also provides the institutional setting where a frank exchange of views on policy directions in ASEAN can take place and where joint action, if appropriate, can be forged.   Performance of East Asian Economies and Financial Markets since the Crisis After the outburst of the crisis, East Asia recovered at an impressive pace. For those countries most affected by this financial crunch (e.g., Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea), their real GDP growth rates turned from negative in 1998 to positive in 1999 and 2000, and their currency and stock markets also largely recovered. Moreover, interest rates remained below pre-crisis levels, and inflation was well controlled for some time. In addition to the favorable domestic environment for these countries, the international economy also showed an unusually strong performance, giving East Asias economy a lift. The world GDP growth rate surpassed 4.1% in 2000, more than twice the rate of 1998; and the international trade growth rate reached 11% in 2000, more than twice the rate of 1999. Two major factors appeared to explain this fast recovery: Strong U.S. economic growth and currency value. Net cash inflows in foreign direct investment and current account surplus of crisis-hit countries. Factors Contributing to Recovery Following factors appeared to contribute towards the recovery from the crisis: Strong economic growth and solid currency value of the U.S.: The economic growth and the rising import demand of the U.S. generated a positive shock and exerted a strong influence on East Asian emerging economies. We note that the U.S. recorded a strong GDP expansion after the crisis, with growth rates of 4.5% in 1997, 4.3% in 1998, and 3.8% in 1999, and the value of U.S. dollar exhibited an upward trend in those three years. Stimulated by an expanding economy and currency appreciation, the domestic demand for import went up strongly in the U.S. throughout the post-crisis period, creating tremendous export opportunities for East Asian economies. Net cash inflows in FDI and current account: In 1996, the net direct investment and other capital accounts were in surplus, while the current account was in deficit. After the crisis, massive foreign capital fled East Asia. The deficit of capital account was large, which further contributed to the instability in this region. How-ever, the net direct investment remained in surplus and the outflow in capital account slowed down considerably in 1999. In addition, the current account reversed from deficit to surplus after the crisis largely due to increasing ex-ports to the U.S. The overall cash flow balance turned from negative to positive in 1998 because of the sizable surplus in current account and the net inflows in capital account. Hence, the net cash inflows in 1998, 1999, and 2000 have helped the crisis-hit countries build up substantial foreign reserves. Conclusion The Asian crisis was an eye-opener.  The Achilles heel of the Asian economies, their financial systems finally gave in after years of excess.  What caused the financial systems to give way is still a matter of academic debate. A pragmatic reading of the crisis suggests that the bulk of the policy responses had to be carried out on the home front.  It is imperative that domestic reforms focus on both systemic and institutional restructuring.  Asia clearly needed and needs to change continuously.  It needs to be open to the West and the Western style of business, from the provision of information to business relationships.  Domestic efforts should also be supported by regional and international mechanisms.

Advantages and disadvantages of taking curriculum packages from the centre as mere proposals and not prescriptions in Zimbbwe Essay

There are several views of curriculum that many involved have encountered. One view is that the curriculum must be a prescription; it should tell educators and all involved what to do, how to do it and in what order. Another view is that a curriculum is just a mere proposal; there is room for modifications and other provisions. In Zimbabwe, the national curriculum comes from the Curriculum Development Unit (CDU), which is the Centre, where specialist curricularists develop it. The curriculum is distributed as a package to the provinces and districts then lastly to the schools where it is to be implemented by educators. This exposition seeks to identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of taking such packages as proposals and not as prescriptions in Zimbabwe. Stenhouse (1975) defines curriculum as â€Å"†¦ an attempt to communicate the essential principles and features of an educational proposal in such a form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice†. He suggests that a curriculum is rather like a recipe in cookery. A curriculum, like the recipe for a dish, is first imagined as a possibility, then the subject of an experiment. The recipe offered publicly is in a sense a report on the experiment. Similarly, a curriculum should be grounded in practice. It is an attempt to describe the work observed in classrooms so that it is well communicated to teachers and learners. So, within limits, if a recipe can be changed and varied according to taste so can a curriculum (Stenhouse 1975: 4-5). This definition focuses more on the process of teaching and learning, the angle from which this discourse unfolds. One advantage of taking a curriculum package as a proposal is that teachers are empowered professionally resulting in greater academic growth. Stenhouse (1975) is of the idea that the proposal is not to be regarded as an unqualified recommendation but rather as a provisional specification, implying that it should not limit the freedom and creativity of both teachers and students. In Zimbabwe, such an approach can be widely accepted because educators can expect, even invite negotiation and transaction, and use their practical situational knowledge for implementation and for modifying the original package according to the demands and resources of their specific localities. Using this approach in Zimbabwe where we find different ethnicities with unique customs, beliefs and lifestyles, makes the learning experience meaningful and relevant allowing learners to gain a sense of ownership of their education. This expansive exposure, which also directly involves the local community, is beneficial to the learner in that it equips one to be a well-rounded and adaptable member of society. More so, and associated with the above, given the uniqueness of each school and classroom setting in Zimbabwe, the scripted curriculum is not always appropriate for all learners. Some students sometimes have difficulty accessing areas of the curriculum that can be challenging. Taken as a proposal, it is an advantage for the teacher to be able to modify teaching approach, take note of the leaners’ differences and make sure that everyone catered for. The curriculum’s success highly depends on the methods of instruction put in place by the teachers. A curriculum therefore â€Å"†¦ is a way of translating any educational idea into a hypothesis testable in practice. It invites critical testing rather than acceptance† (Stenhouse (1975:144). Thus in this sense, a curriculum is not a package of materials or a syllabus of ground to be covered but simply a guideline on the practice of teaching. As such, the major disadvantage of the proposal approach is that it rests upon the quality of teachers. There is need for highly qualified teachers who are able to modify curriculum. There will be severe consequences on what could happen educationally if the teacher is inadequately trained. Zimbabwe is highly dependent on untrained teachers to fill the void left by professionals opting to work abroad.Gatawa(1990) contends that if the curriculum package is taken as a proposal, there is a high probability that teachers will only teach what they know, ignoring the major objectives of the document all together. This means there is no guarantee that national goals will be achieved because the curriculum will be too localized and in turn produces students with limited marketability. Invariably so, Gatawa (1990) is of the view that there will be too many curricula in one education system, making it virtually impossible for learners to transfer from one school to another. Eunitah et al (2013) contend that in developing educational contexts like Zimbabwe, it is premature to do away with centrally prescribed curricula in order to accomplish uniformity in the provision of education. This implies that developing countries like Zimbabwe need a centralised curriculum system to determine levels of academic growth and educational development. Financially, the proposal approach is not viable because institutions have to continually replace curriculum material or buy material to suit a particular teacher’s desire (Lawton, 1980). Taking the curriculum package as a proposal does not work in this context so the prescription approach is therefore more suitable. In light of the above, one advantage of taking a curriculum package as a prescription is that the syllabus content is decided upon centrally and is based upon the goals and philosophy of the nation (Gatawa, 1990) . This means there is uniformity in what is being taught so learners can easily adapt if there is need for a transfer. There is also uniformity in that learners taking the same subjects sit for the same examinations and one examination board like ZIMSEC, as in the Zimbabwean context, is responsible. Entry requirements for universities and colleges can be centrally determined and parity can be ensured. Lawton (1980) is also of the view that the prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation satisfies the political need for a system of accountability. In Zimbabwe, there are considerably more government educational institutions than private ones so when the ‘prescription’ is explicitly stuck to, educators can account for the resources invested in the education sector by the state. More so, a prescriptive approach to the curriculum package makes sure that the Ministry of Education approves all textbooks used. Where teachers are minimally trained, as is the case with temporary teachers in Zimbabwe, the prescriptive curriculum tells the teacher what to teach, how to teach it and the materials to use in the process. Maravanyika (1982) is of the view that it makes standards and expectations about what should be taught and learnt clear to everyone. A prescribed curriculum therefore makes progress and attainment measurable and comparable on a national scale .That way, underperformance is easily dealt with while success can be modeled and shared. To this end, the prescriptive slant is more effective as it limits deviations that may otherwise be of no relevance, come examination time. However, taking a curriculum package as a prescription undermines what Lawton (1980) terms a ‘†¦teachers’ legitimate desire for professional autonomy†¦.’.This means the prescriptive slant is too restrictive and assumes that the user is incapable of making a good curriculum. This scuppers teacher development because it does not allow for research. The educator is limited to giving the prescribed instruction that generally stresses content, mainly knowledge, at the expense of the development of attitudes and skills. In Zimbabwe, learners are chiefly taught to pass examinations rather than to master and develop lifelong skills (Ndawi and Maravanyika, 2011). There is a scramble for certificates with little regard for the development and demonstration of productive skills. The education system is therefore suffering instead of developing. Above all, the prescriptive approach also overlooks the possible differences in the availability of resources. It assumes that educational institutions have the same facilities; learners are similar and operate in the same circumstances (Tanner and Tanner, 1975). This is clearly not the case in Zimbabwe, rural schools are traditionally underfunded and the infrastructure is either temporary or dilapidated. This is the reason why most rural based schools tend to perform poorly compared to urban schools. Curriculum implementation should take socio-geographical learner diversity into consideration, the essence of which involves addressing the needs of different learners at different institutions. In summation, the proposal approach fosters lifelong learning and independent thinking but is exhaustive in terms of skills and resources. The prescriptive method is also beneficial and even more appropriate in Zimbabwe’s examination oriented system.

Rousseau And Hobbes And Rousseau On Individual And...

Dissent over thoughts and opinions has been prevalent since society was first created. Rousseau and Hobbes and their individual and differing social contracts are no exception to this. Each of the theorists believed their specific social contracts would best provide the solutions to the political problems they address. Both create complex, sometimes contradicting diagnosis s of the individual problem they address. As with most pieces of writing, the setting the author was in when writing it often has great amounts of influence. This is true with both social contracts and problems arise later because of this. Rousseau and his concern with inequality and Hobbes and his concern with anarchy are prevalent not only to their contracts but also open the doors to Charles W. Mills and the problems he exposes in both social contracts. The time of history someone lives during has ample influence on the ideas he forms throughout his life. This theory proves evidently true for both Rousseau and H obbes. Rousseau was alive for the duration of the mid-1700s. It was during this time that the social upheavals leading up to the French Revolution were occurring. Rousseau was witness to substantial amounts of poverty, inequality, and instability. As a result of this, he noted that people are â€Å"good† if they are provided with what they need. One’s morality is based on their circumstances. Rousseau theorized that there are no â€Å"good people† and â€Å"bad people†, instead there are simply people whoShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature Establishes Political Authority982 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to understand the differing accounts of how human nature establishes political authority. Hobbes believes that because the state of nature is a constant state of war, the role of government must be to protect the people to protect people from themselves. 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Hobbes rejected the view, called the Divine Right of Kings, which stated that a king’s right to

The Poetry Lesson by Don Maclennan Essay - 1605 Words

In the poem â€Å"The Poetry Lesson† by Don Maclennan an ironic mood emerges. The poem is about an English poetry lecturer. He expresses his views and feelings on his lessons, how he might have impacted on the lives, altered the views and the challenges he has given his students. He states what he expects from his students. It is interesting to note that Don Maclennan is in fact a South African English poetry lecturer. I thus assume that this poem is a reflection on how he views himself and his students. I intend to give a detailed analysis of the poem, by defining the type of irony that occurs in the poem and commenting on the use of irony and the nature of the poems commentary on itself. I will give my interpretation of each stanza of the†¦show more content†¦10). This shows the irony that the teacher who should know most things about his/her subject knows very little. The reader is made to ponder about whether he is ignorant or just feigning it. In stanza one we are introduced to the teacher. He seems to be an unhappy person as he speaks of sliding â€Å"into depression† (l. 1). We hear of him listening to â€Å"the redwing starlings in the tree† (l. 3) and the impression that he longs for someone to hear him is given as he says, â€Å"I need someone to hear my confessions† (l. 4). The word confessions could imply that he has something bearing down of him that he longs to share with others. At this point in the poem it is not clear that the speaker is a lecturer, I assumed he was a student who would be describing a poetry lecture. The irony here is the idea that the lecturer was a student. The lecturer stands by and watches his students walking into class. Stanza one has provided the reader with an idea of where the poem is set and a brief introduction to the poet and how he feels. In stanza two the poet describes himself in detail as his students might see him and we see how he sees his students. The poet states that he brings his â€Å"emptiness inside† (l. 10) the lecture hall and refers to his students as being the knowledgeable ones. This is ironic as the lecturer should be the knowledgeable one, the person who educates his students by passing on what

A Reflection on Pepsis Price Income Elasticity Essay

Pepsi, A reflection on its price amp; income elasticity Laura-Ashley Williams Colorado Technical University Author Note This paper was prepared for [ECON212], [CS13-01], taught by [Professor James Pirner] on [July 23, 2014]. Introduction The product chosen was Pepsi. It is a product produced by PepsiCo, which is one of the worlds top marketer of premium juices and soft drinks. PepsiCo offers products to over 200 countries and territories, and our Global Brands are our biggest sellers. Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. Pepsi-Cola was created in the late 1890s by Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. pharmacist. Pepsi is one of the world’s most iconic and recognized†¦show more content†¦So even if there is an increase in the price of Pepsi, the consumers will probably shift their consumption from Pepsi to drinks that are related substitutes. According to economic theory, if many substitute goods are available, then demand is price elastic (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). The price elasticity for soft drinks will be less elastic than the price elasticity for colas, which in turn will be less elastic than the price elasticity of Pepsi. Pepsis Incom e Elasticity Income elasticity of demand refers to the sensitivity of the quantity demanded for a certain product in response to a change in consumer incomes. As incomes rise, more goods are demanded at each price level. The quantity demanded for normal necessities will increase with income, but at a slower rate than luxury goods. Income elasticity can be positive or negative. Pepsi is a normal good that has positive income elasticity. It shows the way in which consumers purchase any good as a result of change in income. Income is an important variable affecting the demand for a good. The income elasticity shows the way in which consumers purchase any good as a result of change in income (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). As there is positive relationship between incomes of the consumer and quantity demanded for Pepsi, so we can say that Pepsi is a normal good. Important Cross- Elasticities When goods

Dream Act Free Essays

Emerald Dunn Dr. Adams PAS 333 03/10/11 Feeding for a College Education as an Immigrant University of Louisville is known for one of the top Institutions to have the most diversity on campus in Kentucky. We have numerous programs to help integrate the population and help get others involved on the campus so that students can become acclimated to the Institutions and it’s peers. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, even though we do have diversity the percentage of Latinos and Asians are low. This is seen as issue that has been going on for years, and in order to fix the problem numerous implications and recommendations have been tried to be pushed in order to help increase diversity among the campus. One of the major implications is the Dream Act to help increase immigrants chances to get into an institution. Since then, I feel that a Scholarship based program should be implemented onto the campus for the Asians and Latino population, just as there is one targeted for the African-American population. The Dream Act is a legislation that provides a potential pathway to legalized status for undocumented youth. The Dream Act has been trying to passed since 2001, but the government kept over looking it. Which caused for immigrants(youth) to take matters into their own hands, which related to sit-ins and rally’s and youth writing to the president to address the issue. In the article â€Å"Undocumented Unafraid: The DREAM Act 5 and the Public Disclosure of Undocumented Status as a Political Act† by Rene? Galindo depicts 6 young immigrant adults individual stories on how difficult it has been as an immigrant not only tp be accepted by society, but to have the access to higher education. It is the stories of immigrant youth that have formed the ? ght for the DREAM Act. One of the young women stated that â€Å"Our stories and the stories from our community are what will mold and push immigrant rights forward along with I don’t know let’s say like 100,000 calls! truggles and the risks they had taken to try and get the Act passed†. This quote shows how passionate the young lady is about getting the Act passed. Following, the struggles remained a prominent issues for the immigrants up until 2011. As seen in the article A Dream Detained: Undocumented Latino Youth and the DREAM Movement by Arely M. Zimmerman â€Å"One of the key concerns has been the record number of deportations since Obama took office. Already in 2011, the Obama administration has deported 400,000 people, totaling more than a million during his tenure in office, far exceeding the number of deportations under the Bush administration. 20 The high figures are largely attributed to Obama’s aggressive implementation of programs such as Secure Communities, or S-Comm, a three-year-old partnership between federal agencies, such as the Department of Homeland Security and the FBI, and local law enforcement, which facilitates the sharing of information such as the fingerprints of arrested and detained individuals† Pg 1. In this quote Zimmerman, states that Obama is the cause of immigrant deportation from the U. S.. This leads to the immigrants not being able to get a higher education because they end up getting deported before even being able to reach the status as a college student. However, Gonzales Alfonzo refutes with Zimmeran in the article â€Å"Immigration Reform: Keeping up the Pressure†. Alfonzo states that it is just Presidents Obama’s job to keep our country safe and abide by the rules. If there are illegal immigrants in the United States then they have to be deported. I concede with Alfonzo, I believe in the law and I want Latinos and Asians to be able to go to college degree, but they have to have their papers and legal documentation to show that they are a legal citizen in America. If they are not then they have to go and I see that this is an issue that may be a wider concern for not only the population on University of Louisville’s campus, but a bigger issue state wide. . In addition the article â€Å"Lost American DREAM of Undocumented Students: Understanding the DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act† Kim constructs that some society members feel that â€Å"Despite the potential bene? ts of the DREAM Act to the United States—increased tax revenues, reduced social costs of school dropout, provision of humanitarian relief, recruitment of military personnel, and enrichment of cultural diversity—the act’s opponents argue that undocumented students and their families should be deported because they are in the United States illegally (Sessions, 2010). Moreover, they object to spending taxpayers’ money to subsidize the college tuition of undocumented students by granting them in-state tuition rates† pg 57. Kim is stating that society does not want illegal immigration in America and if there is, then they do not want their tax revenue to go towards helping pay for their college. This goes to show that not only does it com off to the immigrants that the president does not want illegal immigrants here but also society. This can make the undocumented students suffer from constant fear of deportation, anxiety, loneliness, depression, limited travel options, and economic dif? culties. Paralleling with the statement above, Buenavista and Gonzales from the article of DREAMs Deterred: Filipino Experiences and an Anti-Militarization Critique of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act† coincides with the fear and the reality of immigrants who are undocumented and want to go to college. Buenavista and Gonzales argues â€Å"Though it is projected that the passage of the DREAM Act would propel more youth to pursue college, the reality is that the individual merits and determination of undocumented students face a difficult opponent in the pursuit of educational attainment. This opponent is the combination of larger institutional factors—high secondary push-out rates, poor post secondary access and retention rates, increasing college costs, and ineligibility for important forms of financial aid—that will deter young people from fulfilling the educational provisions of the DREAM Act† pg. 1. I absolutely agree with the statement. Yes the Dream Act, should be passed but we as people have to look at the reality of it. When the Dream Act does get passed what is the likely hood of the students getting a scholarship or being able to pay for college once they get there? I believe the Dream Act is a great legislation act that will benefit the next generatio n to come, but as of right now it will still take an extended period of time to fill out all the paper work needed and making sure they are legal immigrants, which serve as a barrier to the immigrants. I believe that this is evident on the University of Louisville’s campus. When going to class daily the population that I see of Hispanics or Asians is a very low. The two come in at a low percentage of 3% as compared to African Americans who come in 12% and with Caucasians making up 77% of the population rate. I think that because of illegal immigration becoming such an issue and having to have a social security number and documents to prove that you are a legal U. S. Citizen has become a set back for the immigration rate, which leads to the steadily incline of the minorities. I believe that this is one of the main reasons that there is not a lot of Asians and Hispanics that go to this school based off of the following reasons-financial, economic struggles, and undocumentation of the student. I think that the University should have a better admission team to admit Hispanics and Asians. Instead of the minorities being marginalized they should be put to their fullest potential. To do so I feel like the Hispanics should have a scholarship program like the Woodford C. Porter scholarship that is given out to the incoming students. The requirements should be the same as the Porter scholarship (keeping a 3. 0 G. P. A. And going to events) that will help the students get here and keep them here. With this policy being it will help aid to education which will help increase the retention and oncoming freshman on the campus. Works Cited Galindo, R. (2012). Undocumented Unafraid: The DREAM Act 5 and the Public Disclosure of Undocumented Status as a Political Act. Urban Review,  44(5), 589-611. doi:10. 1007/s11256-012-0219-0 Gonzales, A. (2010). Immigration Reform: Keeping Up the Pressure. NACLA Report On The Americas,  43 (2), 3. Kim, C. (2013). Lost American DREAM of Undocumented Students: Understanding the DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act. Children Schools,  35(1), 55-58. doi:10. 1093/cs/cds041 Lachica Buenavista, T. , Beltran Gonzales, J. (2011). DREAMs Deterred: Filipino Experiences and an Anti-Militarization Critique of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act. ,Asian American Policy Review,  2229-37. Zimmerman, A. M. (2011). A Dream Detained: Undocumented Latino Youth and the DREAM Movement. NACLA Report On The Americas,44(6), 14-17. How to cite Dream Act, Papers Dream Act Free Essays Education is a benefit for society. Higher education offers higher economic advantages for both workers and the economy. The United States is the home of about 65,000 undocumented children who graduate high school each year and have lived in the country for more than five years (Dreams Deferred, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now These children are intelligent, outstanding class presidents, valedictorians, and honor students who aspire to be successful doctors, engineers, teachers, and lawyers.However, because of legal and financial obstacles confronting them just because they are undocumented students, many are unable to live their American dream and attend a college or university. It is estimated that only about 5 to 10% of undocumented high school graduates go on to college (Dreams Deferred, 2010). According to the Immigration Policy Center, â€Å"Studies of undocumented immigrants who legalized their status through the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 reveal that legal status brings fiscal, economic, and labor-market benefits to individual immigrants, their families, and U.S. society in general† (Dreams Deferred, 2010). The U. S. Department of Labor found that wages of these immigrants who received their legal status under IRCA increased their wages to 15% five years later. If given the opportunity, undocumented students will expand their education, get better jobs, and pay taxes. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act is a proposed federal legislation in the U. S. that will enact two major changes in current law.The DREAM Act will 1) â€Å"Permit certain immigrant students who have grown up in the U. S. to apply legal status and to eventually obtain permanent status and become eligible for U. S. citizenship if they go to college or serve in the U. S. military; and 2) Eliminate a federal provision that penalizes states that provide in-state tuition without regard to immigration status. † (DREAM Act: Summary, 2, 2010)The passage of the DREAM Act is critical to raise the quality of the U.S. workforce through higher education to maintain a strong economy. The DREAM Act will increase the number of undocumented immigrant students who attend college, it will benefit the nation’s economy, and the nation will save the high cost of ignoring these undocumented immigrant students. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act is a bipartisan legislation led by senators Richard Durbin, Chuck Hagel, andRichard Lugar, this bill will restore states’ rights to offer in-state tuition to undocumented immigrant students who live in that state in order to make it easier for students to afford a higher level education. The DREAM Act will also provide citizenship to the hardworking immigrant youth who was brought to the U. S. as children and who pursue a higher education or military service, allowing them to contribute to the American society (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2006).The bill has been introduced several times in the House of Representatives and the Senate, but it has never been brought to a floor vote. In the senate it was brought to debate on October 24, 2007, but failed by a 52-44 vote. The DREAM Act was reintroduced on March 26, 2009 by Richard Durbin and Richard Lugar in the senate an d in the House of Representatives by Howard Berman, Lincoln Diaz, and Lucille Roybal-Allard (DREAM Act: Summary, 2010). To qualify, a DREAM Act beneficiary would have to meet the following requirements: * Proof of having arrived to the U.S. at the age of 15 or younger. * Proof of residence in the U. S. for at least 5 consecutive years since the date of their arrival. * Must be between the age of 12 and 35 at the time of the enactment of the bill. * Have graduated from an American high school, or obtained a GED. * Display â€Å"Good Moral Character† defined as â€Å"the absence of significant criminal record or any major charge of drugs† by the National Council of La Raza (The ‘DREAM Act’ and the ‘American Dream Act, 1, 2007). The student must have accomplished one of the following within six year after the permanent residence was granted: * Earn a degree from a 2 or 4 year institution, or have maintained a â€Å"good standing† for at least two years at a 2 or 4 year institution while working toward a bachelor’s degree or higher (The ‘DREAM Act’ and the ‘American Dream Act, 2007). * Served in the U. S. Armed Forces for at least 2 years. Without the DREAM Act the U. S. faces critical financial and emotional costs.After years of hard work and achieving success in high school every student in America expects a reward. 65,000 undocumented students currently living in America expect these rewards as well. They were raised the American way. According to the National Council of La Raza, the American way is to â€Å"offer equal opportunities to all and encourage all to make the most of their talents† (The ‘DREAM Act’ and the ‘American Dream Act, 2, 2007). As young children, these students were brought to this nation by their parents; it was beyond their control to stay in their native land. Brenda Garcia states, her family faced monetary problems while living in Mexico, the only solution to their problem was to come to the United States, she had no say so in this decision and was forced to follow her parents and leave her country (2010). These students have shared all the American values and traditions; they see this country as their home. These students grew up pledging allegiance to the United States of America, and now the United States of America can’t give its loyalists the opportunity for citizenship and a more affordable higher level education.Current law punishes these students for a decision they did not make and for their lack of documentation. America has imposed insuperable obstacles for these students and crushed their hopes of exceeding in their education, as a result â€Å"only 5 to 10 percent of undocumented young people who graduate from high school go on to college† (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2, 2006) either because schools deny them admission, they are charged out-of state tuition which is much more than the in-state tuition rate, they are not eligible for financial aid, and cannot work legally in the United States.The discouragement is too much and most of these hard working, and goal oriented undocumented students with high academic standing don’t get to live their American dream. With the passage of the DREAM Act these student’s dreams could be attainable and as a result more students could attend college, exceed in their education, and contribute to the United States economy. The DREAM Act will â€Å"facilitate access to college for immigrant students in the U.S. by restoring states’ rights to offer in-state tuition to immigrant students residing in their state,† states the National Council of La Raza (The ‘DREAM Act’ and the ‘American Dream Act, 1, 2007). Many states argue that the schools will not have revenue if undocumented students are charged only in-state tuition, but who said in-state tuition meant free tuition? â€Å"In-state tuition is not the same as free tuition.It is a discount,† claims the National Immigration Law Center (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2, 2006) if the discount is provided, more undocumented students will attend an institution of higher level education and the money paid by these students will increase school revenues by far because it will be money that would otherwise not be there, and even then, after all, education pays for itself, claims th e National Immigration Law Center (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 3, 2006).The United States’ economic future depends on its current students, documented and undocumented. If given the opportunity, through the DREAM Act, undocumented students will expand their education and raise the schools revenues; they will get better jobs in which they will help out the U. S. society by curing the ill, sharing their knowledge with young people, designing new buildings for the community, and opening new businesses, etc.The National Immigration Law Center claims that â€Å"As baby boomers age, the number of retirees in the U. S. swell (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2, 2006) and that’s why in the future the U. S. will need new proficient people to take over those jobs. These young immigrants can be the future professionals the U. S. will need, they are â€Å"key to our ability to counteract the serious demographic challenges we face† (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2, 2006).We as a nation must â€Å"raise the caliber of our workforce through higher education to have a chance to maintain a strong economy† (Basic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Students, 2, 2006). Additionally each person who attends college and obtains a professional job means one less expense to the state in terms of social service, as well, an asset in terms of tax payments to the state. The nation cannot burden these motivated and high achieving immigrant youth; after all they will only benefit the nation in the future.Undocumented students who don’t have the opportunity to get the best out of their education are simply wasted talent, a new report from the Immigration Policy Center by Roberto G onzalez, Wasted Talent and Broken Dreams: The Lost Potential of Undocumented Students, makes it clear that â€Å"without means to legalize their status, these children are seldom able to go on to college, cannot work legally in the United States, and therefore cannot put their educations to good use† (Dreams Deferred, 1, 2010). The United States has invested in the education of these undocumented students since they were in pre-kinder all the way through their high school education. If the United States cuts their education short by not gathering the full potential of these children’s’ education it will face an enormous cost because there will be no benefits for the nation. In the future these tudents will not give back to the nation, and that will be a result of waste talent, wasted money, and lost potential. Why not let these students contribute back to the country that gave them so much? The American way is to be fair and offer equal opportunities to all and encourage everyone to make the best out of their talents, America, now is the time to live up to your American way. Don’t punish these undocumented students for a decision that they did not make.These students are your children, they are Americans, they are friends, classmates, outstanding students, they are family. There is a si gnificant cost in denying these children their college education. Don’t crush their American Dream. â€Å"This wasted talent imposes financial and emotional costs not only on undocumented students themselves, but on the U. S. economy and U. S. society as a whole† (Dreams Deferred, 1, 2010). How to cite Dream Act, Papers Dream Act Free Essays Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 â€Å"Amy’s Story. † Immigration and Multiculturalism: Essential Primary Sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 329-333. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. Definition/Background History: The IRCA (Immigration and Reform Control Act) was introduced in 1986, this act enabled immigrants who came to America illegally residency and citizenship. The widespread amount of illegal immigrants caused border controls for those who are foreigners. Unfortunately Amy, an anonymous illegal immigrant, and her family surpassed the deadline by three and a half weeks. Amy tells her story about her family and financial struggles due to being an undocumented immigrant. She faced out-of-state tuition fees because of college requirements of being resident in the United States. Hiding undercover pretending to be a citizen was becoming tough for Amy so she had to drop out of school. Now she tutors and has low-paid jobs to support her parents and herself. Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 Bennion, David. â€Å"Undocumented Youths Organize to Pass DREAM Act. † Legal Intelligencer. 31 Aug 2009. Print. David Bennion. â€Å"Children of Illegal Aliens Should Go to College and Gain Legal Status. † â€Å"What Rights Should Illegal Immigrants Have? † Noel Merino, Ed. At Issue Series. Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Positive Effect: David Bennion, an immigration attorney at Nationalities Service Center in Philadelphia, stated: â€Å"Each year, about 65,000 undocumented students graduate from high school in the United States. They then face often insurmountable barriers to pursuing further education or employment opportunities. † By passing the DREAM Act the amount of undocumented immigrants that are already living in America could help the economy and prosper in education and employment. Negative Effect: Keeping the act repealed is beneficial because the amount of illegal immigrants in America could incline. By permitting the â€Å"Dreamers† to pay in-state-college tuition and become a citizen of U. S. would promote more illegal immigrants into America. Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 â€Å"Dream on. † America 19 July 2010: 5. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. Positive Effects: President Obama reignited the idea of allowing illegal immigrants education and ability to attend colleges under certain circumstances written in the DREAM Act. He states â€Å"We should stop punishing innocent young people for the actions of their parents by denying them the chance to stay here and earn an education and contribute their talents to build the country where they’ve grown up. With this idea, this allows the children who are documented an opportunity to succeed in the United States not only for themselves, but our economy as well. Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 Ling-Ling, Yeh. â€Å"The Dream for Some, a Nightmare for the Rest. † The Daily Californian. 19 Oct 2007. Print. Yeh Ling-Ling. â€Å"Children of Illegal Aliens Should Not Go to College and Gail Legal Status. â₠¬  â€Å"What Rights Should Illegal Immigrants Have? † Noel Merino, Ed. At Issue Series. Greenhaven Press. 2010. Print. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Undesirable Effects: Yeh Ling-Ling an executive director of the Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America, and an immigrant states â€Å"Passing the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, or DREAM Act, is a bad idea. Allowing illegal immigrant students to pay in-state college tuition and gain residency would only encourage more illegal immigrants in the United States. The act would have a negative economic impact and hurt American citizens. † Passing the Dream Act would economically stress our funds because in reality most illegal immigrants are low-paid and cannot afford to pay taxes. The amount of children in American public education would rise. â€Å"This cost can exceed $9,500 per child per year if the student receives the so-called bilingual education, not to mention the costs of other social services. † By accepting this act, it would be a reward to illegal immigrants and would cause more to migrate to America. The Dream Act would negatively effect politics as well. For example, Hispanic activists encourage the pressuring of the United States to be identical as Mexico. This factor effects the future of millions of our nation. Not only politics would be effected but, â€Å"The U. S. population has quadrupled since 1900, from 76 million to 303 million. In the last 15 years alone,over 50 million people have been added to the United States mostly due to immigration-derived growth! If our population continues to grow at the rate of last decade, by 2100—within the lifetimes of today’s children’s children—the United States will have India’s current population. † Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 â€Å"Illegal Immigrants. Current Issues: Macmillian Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Definition/History/Background: â€Å"An immigrant is a person who migrates from one country to another. An â€Å"illegal† immigrant is a person who does so without following the established legal procedures of the destination country and who resides in that country without proper visas or other docum ents. Illegal immigrants are sometimes referred to as â€Å"illegal aliens† or â€Å"undocumented workers. † Most illegal immigrants of the United States come from Mexico by crossing the 1,955-mile border or the northern border with Canada. Desirable: Economic effects of immigrants can be positive. Illegal immigrants are more open to low-wage jobs because without paperwork they are not allowed to apply for a job. â€Å"†¦ immigrants take on hard and dangerous jobs that native Americans will not do. These defenders maintain that immigrants’ labor and entrepreneurship helps to revitalize American industries and create more jobs than they take. † Undesirable: For the people who do pay taxes, immigrants are expensive to have. â€Å"The study concluded that taxpayers were paying $4 billion annually in unemployment, medical, educational, and other government programs and services. † Cynthia Nguyen Ms. Thompson ENC 1101 November 28, 2011 Texier, Le Emmanuelle. â€Å"The Debate for In-State Tuition Fees Regardless of Immigration Status: The Right to Educate. † La Prensa San Diego 9 May 2003. Print. Emmanuelle Le Texier. â€Å"Undocumented Immigrants Are Entitled to In-State Tuition. † Lori Newman Ed. At Issues Series. Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. Positive Effects: Enabling illegal immigrants to continue with education formulates a chain reaction to the economy’s rise. Educating a large portion of our country promotes skilled workers, in which help with building a better future for America. Students have not done anything to harm our economy. No matter illegal, or not the children are the future of America and should be rewarded by the ability to fulfill higher education. Allowing this higher education promotes more skilled workers â€Å"building the future of a country. † How to cite Dream Act, Essay examples

Collection Development and Management

Question: Discuss about the Collection Development and Management. Answer: Introduction An organization is an association of individuals, which together create a successful company. Irrespective of the size of the organization, it is quite vital to frame the goals of the organization, both for the individuals and for the team as a whole (Campbell, Jardine and McGlynn 2016). Every successful organization has an efficient leader who analyses its strengths and weaknesses, thereby providing the association with the best strategies and policies to be implemented and frame an accurate framework for future projections (Maister 2012). Depending upon this text, in this study, cellular providers, a company belonging to the telecommunications industry of United States, has been analysed. I am the operations manager of the company, and therefore it is quite important for me to analyse the management and financial goals of the company. In this report I have prioritised the goals of the firm, identified the key performance indicators, frame the work plans and manage the organization along with the work life balance. Background of the organization Cellular providers was initially formed under the sole proprietorship of Jason Sanderson. The company aims at growing in the wireless communications industry in order to create a market for its services and accessories. The company has been successful in providing the best service to its customers with the help of better technological implementations. The organization has a world class management team with direct knowledge of the industry. It has been able to attain research experience and unique administrative skills. The company targets both business and consumers. They have been able to introduce innovative products and offerings which thereby provides the best innovative product and services that raise the advantages of the customers along with the productivity of the organization. The organization is ten years old, thereby reaching to an annual income of 80 million. The company introduces sleek and innovative cellular phones models, text and numeric paging, data capability, no roaming or landline connection charges, and much more. Various trends drive the growth of the industry, which thereby includes advertising effort, networks, technological advances, remote monitoring and data and video transmission. Cellular Providers is striving to become the nation's leading distributor of cellular service and accessories. Cellular Providers' vision capitalises on technologically superior products and services and is designed to enhance business and personal communication. The financial objectives of th e organization is to maximise the revenue of the organization where Cellular Providers is currently seeking funding in the amount of $100,000 for the purpose of increasing market share, opening up additional retail locations, hiring additional staff, and effectively advertising and promoting its services. The company uses various pricing and promoting policies in order to implement its plans to achieve the business goals. Personal and term goals Operations manager of an organization deals with various management and financial segments of the organization. I am the operations manager of cellular providers. Various responsibilities are supposed to be implemented under my role. In order to frame the projected part of the organization thereby enabling the flow of revenues and profits in the organization, I have analysed the five most vital goals of the firm. These goals could be stated as: These goals that have been analysed are the vital aspects of the organization. These goals would be quite beneficial for the organization in analysing its future prospects, which would enhance the organizational structure and strive for the mission of the company (Hwang and Ng 2013). Key performance indicators Key performance indicators is an evaluator which helps in analysing whether the goals that are framed by the organization are being followed or not. The key performance indicators are efficient in order to analyse the performance of the organization (Nicholls 2014). In this context, this section deals with the measure of the organization goals with the help of key performance indicators and the methods of how the performance would be maintained by the company. Measure of goals In the context of analysing the performance f the organization and measuring the state of performance of the goals that has been stated, I have analysed three key performance indicators. The indicators for this purpose as follows : Amount of sales generated by the organization in a span of 9 months Profit earned by the country in four quarters of the financial year funding assistance from other financial bodies and companies These three listed key performance indicators has been quite strategically framed by the organization in order to estimate the performance of the company to achieve their goals. Amount of sales generated by the organization in a span of 9 months would help in analysing the performance of the company with respect to the goals of improvisation of products and exceeds in sales. The second key indicator is by the profit earned by the company in a span of four quarter in an organization. This would help in analysing the objectives of the organization along with the profit margin to be accessed of the company. The third indicator, funding assistance from other financial bodies and companies would help in attaining the record of the strategical alliances to be framed by the company. These entire three key performance indicators would quite efficiently analyse the growth of cellular providers. Maintenance of performance In order to achieve the positive remarks on the key performance indicators of the organization, it is quite vital fro the organization to set the strategies in such a manner so that the goals are achieved by the organization quit efficiently (Zepeda 2012). An operations manager is suppose to deal with various disturbances in the work atmosphere of the organization. Being the manager of the organization, analysing the situations, identifying the problems and framing the solution for such problem must be done accurately. I must improve the operational systems, processes and policies in support of organisations mission, specifically, support better management reporting, information flow and management, business process and organisational planning. My focus must be to manage and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of Support Services (HR, IT and Finance), through improvements to each function as well as coordination and communication between support and business functions (Johnson 2014). It is quite important to look after the financial management of the organization along with planning system and controls. If the team members are not clear regarding the objectives of the work to be done, it should be my duty to take the initiative t o make it clear for them to implement the work and seek objectives. Customer satisfaction might get disturbed due to some bad experiences they had gained through the company. It must be important for the team as a whole to implement various strategies and techniques to retain the satisfaction of the customers. As a manager of the organization, motivation must be done to the people along with approaches being made to various other partner companies to overcome the problem of financial struggles of the organization (Blandford 2012). Manage personal traits at work My strengths are that I am a motivator, good interpersonal skills and a strategic analyst whereas, my weakness is that I do not communicate much with all the level of employees of the organization. Being a good motivator, it is quite beneficial for me to motivate the employees and reciprocate the objectives of the organization to them, by providing them with the initiative to performance better (Fullan 2014). I have good interpersonal skills along with being a strategic analyst, which helps me to analyse the situation better an d coming up with the most effective remedies. With my drawback of not communicating with all the levels of individuals in the organization, there has been some complicacies earlier. It is quite efficient to communicate with the individuals of the organization that would help me to gain their trust and raise their loyalty towards the company. Prioritising work goals Among the five work goals that have been analysed earlier, I prioritise two goals among them as the basic goals of the firm. These two would be efficient enough to interlink the other three goals and raise the productivity of the organization as a whole. These prioritised goals are as follows : Improvised products in the market Profit margin Work plans Work activity Description Goal KPIs Timeframe Person responsible Special provisions for customers. Special services to the customers must be rendered, that would provide them with discounts, extra benefits of bringing new customers and seasonal rewards for being a loyal customer. An initiative must be taken to provide them with the best along with these extra benefit. This would help in retaining the customers to the organization. Improvised products in the market Amount of sales generated by the organization in a span of 9 months 9 months Operations manager Implementations of advanced technology and better quality of products to be produced. Efficient technological implementation along with better pricing strategy can improve the position of cellular providers . Profit margin Profit earned by the country in four quarters of the financial year One year (four quarters) Operations manager Positive role model Maintaining positive role of the leader of the organization is quite vital. An operations manager should be a good listener and an effective motivator for the individuals. I must be appreciative of the hard work of the people and adhere to their needs and problem. I should avoid resisting sarcasm, biased behaviour and dishonesty, so that i set an impressive personality in front of others (Ginsburg, Hyson and Woods 2014). Maintain work life balance A narrow balance line must be maintained between work life and personal life of a person. It must be an initiative taken by me to never involve my personal problems in my work life and neither ignore my personal responsibilities by being under the pressure of my work life (Moon 2013). I need to maintain a proper mindset , having clear goals and manage time with great accuracy. Conclusion Irrespective of the size of the organization, it is quite vital to frame the goals of the organization, both for the individuals and for the team as a whole. Every successful organization has an efficient leader who analyses its strengths and weaknesses, thereby providing the association with the best strategies and policies to be implemented and frame an accurate framework for future projections. Being the operations manager of cellular providers, it is quite important for me to analyse the management and financial goals of the company. Goals and key performance indicators have helped me to analyse the oath of success for teh organization better. Reference Blandford, S., 2012.Managing professional development in schools. Routledge. Campbell, J.D., Jardine, A.K. and McGlynn, J. eds., 2016.Asset management excellence: optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions. CRC Press. Fullan, M., 2014.Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Ginsburg, H., Hyson, M. and Woods, T.A. eds., 2014.Preparing early childhood educators to teach math: Professional development that works. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Johnson, P., 2014.Fundamentals of collection development and management. American Library Association. Maister, D.H., 2012.Managing the professional service firm. Simon and Schuster. Moon, J.A., 2013.Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Nicholls, G., 2014.Professional development in higher education: New dimensions and directions. Routledge. Zepeda, S.J., 2012.Professional development: What works. Eye on education.