18 Steps That Will Help You Quit a Job That You Hate

18 Steps That Will Help You Quit a Job That You Hate Is your activity dreadful? Or then again just significantly unfulfilling, and not testing or helping you to develop in the most significant manners for your profession? On the off chance that you know you’re not so much where you should be however you’re tormented by the what uncertainties, consider finding a way to see whether it may be more terrifying to remain at your specific employment than gathering the mental fortitude to stop and proceeding onward to another chance. 1. Think long and hard about your life and your choices.Are you carrying on with the existence you need, or used to dream of? Or on the other hand would you say you are leaving your shots alone called by what is anticipated from you, or what you see you ought to do? Make a stride back and see where you stand. Is it accurate to say that you are progressing in the direction of extraordinary things? Or then again would you say you are buried in unremarkableness? On the off chance that you’re no t carrying on with the existence you want, and you wind up being detached in your decisions, begin finding a way to change that. Live by plan, not by default.2. Dread the â€Å"if only† more than the â€Å"what if.†As startling for what it's worth to begin once again (anytime in your vocation), isn’t it more terrifying to consider yourself lamenting having waited quite a while down the line? Lament once in a while appears until it’s past the point of no return. Attempt to fear disappointment not as much as disappointment whenever your odds at one more opportunity dry up.3. Think, What’s the most terrible that can happen?†Imagine the most horrible case situation. All your gravest what-uncertainties. What does that resemble? Obviously characterize what your greatest feelings of trepidation working out might resemble. At that point ask yourself, â€Å"So what?† Is it reasonable? Serviceable? Indeed, maybe, desirable over your current situ ation?4. Trust your gut.If there’s a pestering little voice in you instructing you to stop and follow something better? Odds are you’re right. Hear yourself out and act purposely to influence the change you ache for. Consider it your inward GPS.5. Trust what you love.Have the certainty to realize that you’ll be in an ideal situation and a lot more joyful if you’re doing what you love. Regardless of whether you’re accomplishing something you simply like more. On the off chance that you can’t land to your fantasy position in one jump from your present one, attempt a venturing stone. Anything is superior to stagnation, especially when you aren’t glad where you are. Think about constantly and vitality you’re placing into what you don’t love. Envision how much better you could be and feel!6. Settle on choices dependent on happiness.Studies really propose that joy fills achievement and great execution as opposed to the opposit e way around. Construct a real existence and vocation around what makes you upbeat and the rest ought to follow, insane as it sounds.7. Set aâ good model for others.Visualize your younger sibling or your best friend’s kid from your point of view. Presently envision them replicating your decisions and your answers. Does this cause you to recoil? Rouse future mentees by seeking after what you truly need and need generally out of life.8. Live in the current moment.It’s essential to watch out for what's to come. Be that as it may, it’s similarly as essential to remain grounded in all actuality. Be practical about what you can and can’t achieve from where you are at this moment. What can you really do now? Start there.9. Don’t despair.You are not the only one. What you feel is absolutely ordinary and human and many individuals out there are experiencing the equivalent precise thing. Breathe easy in light of that fact.10. Get clear on your purpose.You n eed a change, however why? Get clear on why you are miserable, why you are leaving, why you’re facing the challenge. For whatever length of time that you remain on message, you’ll remain centered and can believe that you’re moving in the privilege direction.11. Become acquainted with your own gifts.We all have our own one of a kind abilities and qualities. Let your interests lead you to comprehend yours and afterward lead with that. Confide in yourself and show the world what you need to offer.12. Fabricate a snare of support.Find individuals who support, move, and inspire you. Who figure as you do and are available to the kind of life you need to lead. Fabricate a system of these individuals, both business and individual, face to face and online.13. Acknowledge you may need to face a challenge to make a gain.A little hazard now, or a little penance even, can deliver enormous profits not far off. Wager on yourself and make sense of how to be a victor when the ch ips are down.14. Intend to please†¦ yourself.Imagine yourself on your deathbed. It is safe to say that you are pleased with current you? Take a stab at living so that would put a grin on the essence of your past selves. Ensure you end up satisfied and content with what you’ve chosen.15. Recollect timing can be everything.But that doesn’t mean you need to hang tight for the ideal conditions for a change or an act of pure trust. Flawless conditions will never show up. You’ll never be 100% arranged to do a significant switch. Adjust the same number of stars as you can, yet recollect that occasionally you need to acknowledge that things may never be great. Neither can you. Do what you can at the time that presents itself.16. Trust the path.You will most likely be unable to see where this leads, however on the off chance that you’re following your gut and remaining consistent with your motivation (and reality), you can believe that it will take you where you have to go. Concentrate just on the following step.17. Get settled with uncomfortable.Change is unnerving and awkward. New is hard and overwhelming. Make being awkward your new agreeable. Make this piece of your journey.18. Have confidence, not fear.Both confidence and dread are sorts of vulnerability. Concentrate on what you do need, as opposed to what you don’t. What's more, find a way to get that going. Don’t simply kick back and stress that it won’t be possible.You never have any certifications of how anything will turn out. In any case, on the off chance that you hear yourself out and settle on careful decisions throughout your life, you won’t go excessively far wrong.

What kind of successful interventions for obesity prevention in school Research Paper

What sort of fruitful intercessions for heftiness avoidance in school from 10 to 12 evaluations have been directed in the United State - Research Paper Example Intercession programs focused on stoutness avoidance for kids and youths ought to be a national need so as to have a solid country in future. There is extensive increment in wellbeing hazard for youngsters and juvenile who are fat or overweight as they are at risk for experiencing sicknesses, for example, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, asthma and hypertension (Reilly et al., 2003). At the point when youngsters and teenagers with both sort 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are analyzed, youth experiencing the later face expanded wellbeing complexities, for example, nephropathy and cardiovascular sickness related with diabetes (Eppens et al., 2006). Corpulence likewise brings about social and mental issues for the influenced youngsters with examines showing teenagers additionally experience mental outcomes such including low confidence and melancholy (Reilly et al., 2003). Stoutness for kids in first to 12 evaluations is a difficult that is far reaching as it cuts over all social, monetary and racial classes. In view of the accessible information, heftiness influences even kids from the minority bunches that incorporate Native Americans, African-Americans just as Hispanics notwithstanding low-pay gatherings. As indicated by Ogden, Carroll, Kit and Flegal (2012), the pervasiveness of weight for kids from African American (24 percent) and Hispanic foundations (21 percent) is higher contrasted with those from white ethnic foundation (14 percent). The issue of youth corpulence has prompted deliberate endeavors by partners in instruction and other government assistance associations to recognize the youth stoutness causal components, the outcome on generally speaking prosperity of the youngsters just as the important systems to capture the circumstance. The outcome of expanded enthusiasm into the issue of weight in kids and teenagers going to first to 12 evaluations has prompted the recognizable proof of a few contributing components that have been accused for

Computer Communications essays

PC Communications articles Web interchanges are a great device. Presently through the assistance of numerous PC helps we can do nearly anything quicker and in the solace of our own home. It has just been a couple of years since the utilization of typewriters; looking at this logically innovation has extended for such huge numbers of years. PCs are a piece of our regular daily existences somehow or another or another. Social relations are being changed by the improvements of working from home, hypermedia frameworks, and another universe of on-line information(Plant 74). In spite of the fact that PC correspondences can be viewed as an approach to restrain social exercises with others, it is additionally a decent method to contact individuals comprehensively. Not exclusively would you be able to utilize a PC for interchanges, yet in addition they are useful utilizations for business and instructive apparatuses. The web PC innovation has made our lives simpler and progressively effective. Simply look as the entire ty of the open doors we would now be able to do, anything from voyaging, shopping, or staying in contact with companions and family members from! a separation, just as locally. Individual, social, and business relations are emphatically affected by the utilization of PC innovation. Modest interchanges should handily be possible using PC innovation. Take the examination of telephone charge sections the PC. Lets state you call somebody in France, for example, if I somehow happened to consider two times per month consistently, the bill for those two calls, if twenty minutes each might cost around the cost of one hundred dollars. Presently if I somehow managed to chat on a PC to my companion in France, by email, I could talk regular, throughout the day for just around twenty dollars per month. The web places me in contact with a large number of individuals over the country(Stoll 80). Presently, would you rather pay and additional hundred dollars per month for two calls or pay twenty to talk at whatever point. As an understudy and short on reserves, I would prefer to converse with my family six hours away as much as I need for just twenty dollars every month, in... <!

Respiratory Activity

Lab REPORT(Click on the Save a Copy button on the board above to spare your report) Action: Name: Instructor: Date: Respiratory Volumes Predictions 1. During exercise: TV will increment. 2. During exercise: IRV will diminish. 3. During exercise: ERV will increment. 4. During exercise: VC won't change. 5. During exercise: TLC won't change.Materials and Methods1. Subordinate Variable. respiratory volumes 2. Free Variable. level of physical action [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables. stature; age; sex 4. Which respiratory volume was determined? Breating rate, TV, ERV, and IRV. 5. What was the motivation behind the nose cut? the nose cut was utilized for the lung work testing to forestall spillage with the nasal compartments when giving respiratory volumes to be tried. Results Table 2: Average Breathing Rates and Lung Volumes Breathing Rate 12. 4 10. 6 11. 1 11. 4 TV(L) 0. 5 0. 5 0. 6 0. 5 Resting Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 1. 3 1. 4 1. 3 1. 3 2. 1 2. 4 2. 4 2. 3 RV(L) 26. 4 29. 5 29. 1 28. 3 Breathing Rate 1. 6 1. 7 1. 7 1. 7 TV(L) 0. 6 0. 7 0. 7 0. 7 Exercising Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 1. 8 1. 9 2 1. 9 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 RV(L) 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate 1. Did the breathing rate increment, decline, or not change with work out? the breathing rate expanded hugely since the subject did exercise and run. 2. Did the tidal volume increment, decline, or not change with work out? The tidal volume increment subsequent to working out. 3. Did the expiratory hold volume increment, decline, or not change with work out? The expiratory save volume decline with work out. 4. Did the inspiratory save volume increment, decline, or not change with work out? The inspiratory save volume dercrese also in the wake of working out. 5. Did the inspiratory limit increment, decline, or not change with work out? the inspiratory limit increment only a smidgen with work out. 6. Did the utilitarian remaining limit increment, decline, or not change with work out? the Functional lingering limit really decline in the wake of working out. 7. Did the moment ventilation increment, decline, or not change with work out? obviously the moment ventilation increment hugely in the wake of working out. Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation Breathing Rate 2. 6 2. 9 3 2. TV(L) 2. 9 3 2. 9 2. 9 Resting Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 3. 9 4. 3 4. 3 4. 2 5. 5. 9 5. 9 5. 8 RV(L) 3. 4 3. 6 3. 7 3. 6 Breathing Rate 2. 2. 3 2. 3 2. 3 TV(L) 4. 3 4. 4. 2 Exercising Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 5. 6 5. 9 6 5. 8 6. 2 5. 3 6. 7 6. 1 RV(L) 42. 2 50. 2 49. 5 47. 3 Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation Discussion 1. Clarify the change in ERV with work out. the ERV decline with practice asssuming that the volume of air was breathed out more than being enhaled at that point. 2. Clarify the change in IRV with work out. IRV diminished too in light of the fact that the measure of air that should be breathe in was almost no inward breath during the hour of working out. 3. Clarify the adjustment in IC with work out. IC increment with practice beacause the subjects had the option to permit their lungs to breath. 4. Clarify the change in FRC with work out. The FRC decline only a little with work out. 5. Clarify why RV doesn't change with work out. the ERV decline with practice asssuming that the volume of air was breathed out more than being enhaled at that point. 6. Clarify why VC doesn't change with work out. he indispensable limit continue as before in light of the fact that it gathered the tidal volume, insipratory save volume and espiratory volume also with work out. 7. Clarify why TLC doesn't change with work out. RTLC didn't change too on the grounds that the vitaln limit didn't change thus did the lingering vloume leftover volume too continue as before so estimations didn't change vewtween these three subjects. 8. During exercise, the profundity of breath builds Name the muscles engaged with expanding the profundity of breath and clarify how muscle constriction causes this expansion. he muscles engaged with expanding the profundity of breath was the stomach, the lungs, the intercostal muscles, musles of insipration and termination too. Muscle constriction caused the expansion becacause of the stomach. 9. Clarify the significance of the adjustment in minute ventilation with work out. the adjustment in minute ventilation subsequent to practicing increment tremendouly on the grounds that the TV and breating rate increse the moment ventilkation which expanded more breaths required while racing to meet a higher deman for oxygen. 10. Repeat your expectations that were right and give information from your analysis that help them. Rehash your forecasts that were not right and right them with supporting information from your analysis. Accoriding to my forecasts I just have one that isn't right and that will be that the ERV will increasw with practice however subsequent to testing subjects and doing the analysis it has be affirmed that the ERV decrese, so my supposition that was by a long shot wrong. In any case, concerning my different expectations it came out to be valid as indicated by the investigation, table and diagrams, my presumptions was right with respect to these subjects subsequent to working out. Application Minute Ventilation will in general increment for the basic actuality it is the sum if ixygen motivated by the body in a moment. ncreased by long haul practice in light of the fact that after some time it will adjust to carrying more oxygen to the lungs to work the muscles. 1. During arduous exercise, TV levels at about 60% of VC however minute ventilation keeps on expanding. Clarify how that wou ld happen. an expansion in remaining volume, and assumming that the TLC doesn't change with a persom with creating emphysema will turn out to be shy of breath in the wake of climibing a flight if steps will bring about the moment if ventilations being acquire while continuing this sort of activity.

Valium (Diazepam) for Panic Disorder

Valium (Diazepam) for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Valium (Diazepam) for Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 07, 2020 Frank van Delft/Cultura/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Understanding Valium Valium and Panic Disorder Side Effects Potential for Addiction Other Precautions View All Back To Top If you have  panic disorder, medication can be a useful part of your recovery plan. Valium (diazepam) is one type of anti-anxiety medication thats used to treat panic disorder and other conditions. Understanding Valium Valium is the trademark name for the anti-anxiety drug diazepam, a type of benzodiazepine. Anti-anxiety medications that are classified as benzodiazepines, such as Valium, are also known as sedatives due to their tranquilizing and calming effects. Other types of frequently prescribed benzodiazepines include Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam) and Ativan (lorazepam). Valium and these other common benzodiazepines can help reduce the intensity of panic attacks, nervousness, and anxiety. Valium is often prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia).?? It also acts as an anticonvulsant and can be used to treat certain medical conditions, such as seizures and muscle spasms. Valium is also approved to treat anxiety associated with certain illnesses, including bipolar disorder, alcohol withdrawal,  and other conditions. How Valium Treats Panic Disorder Valium impacts the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, neurotransmitters in the brain that are connected to the regulation of sleep, relaxation, and anxiety.?? When influencing the GABA receptors, Valium then slows down the central nervous system (CNS). This action decreases your feelings of nervousness and agitation and produces a sense of calm and relaxation. In this way, Valium also helps lessen the intensity of panic attacks and other anxiety symptoms. Valium is a fast-acting medication that quickly helps lower anxiety and other symptoms of panic disorder. Valium gets into your system rapidly, but can also build up over time, which can sometimes make it challenging to find the most effective and safe dose of Valium. Side Effects Due to their effectiveness and relative safety, benzodiazepines are often prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and other conditions. However, all medications have side effects that you may or may not experience. Some of the most common side effects of Valium include:?? DrowsinessDizziness and lightheadednessLack of coordination and unsteadinessFatigueWeakness Most side effects should go away or lessen over time. Consult your doctor if side effects worsen or become unmanageable. The Potential for Addiction Valium, along with all other benzodiazepines, is classified as a controlled substance.?? It is possible to abuse Valium and to develop both a physical and emotional dependence to this medication. Symptoms of Valium Withdrawal If you become  dependent on Valium, it can be difficult to discontinue use of the medication due to the potential for withdrawal symptoms, including: AnxietyTremorsVomitingExcessive sweatingSeizures Your doctor will likely discuss strategies to lower the risk of possible abuse and dependence, and then review your progress on Valium over time. Do not attempt to ever reduce or stop your dosage on your own. To keep you from experiencing withdrawal symptoms, your doctor will help you gradually lower your dosage of Valium. Other Precautions When Taking Valium There are several precautions to consider when taking Valium:?? Medical history: Caution should be taken if you have a history of certain medical conditions. Talk to your doctor before taking Valium if you have been diagnosed with these or any other medical condition: Narrow-angle glaucomaLung diseaseSleep apneaLiver diseaseMyasthenia gravisKidney diseaseDrug or alcohol addictionDepression Allergic reaction: As with any medication, you can potentially have an allergic reaction to Valium. This medication should not be taken if you have a history of being sensitive or allergic to benzodiazepines. Seek immediate medical care if you show signs of an allergic reaction, including skin rash, difficulty breathing or swallowing, itching, or swelling of the face, tongue, mouth, or throat. Drug interactions: Valium depresses the central nervous system. Alcohol and medications that similarly slow down the central nervous system should be avoided while youre taking Valium. To prevent unwanted drug interactions, let your doctor know what prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking. Drowsiness: Dizziness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness are common side effects of Valium. Be cautious when driving or performing other tasks that require awareness and concentration until you have become more familiar with how Valium affects you. Pregnancy and nursing: Valium can be passed on to a child during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Discuss the potential risks of taking Valium while pregnant or nursing with your doctor. Coping With Panic Disorders During Pregnancy Older adults: The side effects of Valium are typically more noticeable for older adults. To limit these effects, a change in dosage may be necessary. A Word From Verywell The information provided here is intended to provide an overview of the use of Valium for panic disorder. This summary does not outline every possible situation, such as potential side effects, outcomes, complications, or precautions and contraindications associated with Valium. Any questions or concerns you may have about your prescription should be addressed with your doctor or pharmacist.

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation Has anybody seen the best punctuation lesson ever given? It was a presentation by a great pianist Victor Borge. He used different sounds for each punctuation mark, and it’s called Phonetic Punctuation. Proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n hÐ ¾ldÃ'• a vÐ µrÃ'Æ' Ã'•Ã'â€"gnÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °nt Ã'€lÐ °Ã' Ã µ Ã'â€"n the English lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ, Ã'•Ð ¾ muÃ' h Ã'•Ð ¾ thÐ °t a holiday wÐ °Ã'• founded in 2004 tÐ ¾ honor Ã'â€"t. Have you ever heard about the NÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l DÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾f PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n? EvÐ µrÃ'Æ' 24th Ð ¾f September, buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ð µÃ'•, media organizations, Ð °nd Ã'•Ã' hÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ð °Ã' rÐ ¾Ã'•Ã'• the UnÃ'â€"tÐ µd StÐ °tÐ µÃ'• celebrate the Ð µvÐ µnt tÐ ¾ rÐ µmÃ'â€"nd people Ð ¾f thÐ µ importance of using Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'• properly. WÐ µll, improving ones wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• Ã'â€"Ã'• the buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• nÐ ¾t only Ð ¾f Ã'•tÃ'â€"Ã' klÐ µrÃ'• fÐ ¾r Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð µr Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n but also Ð ¾f Ð ¾rdÃ'â€"nÐ °rÃ'Æ' people lÃ'â€"kÐ µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u. Nobody wÐ ¾uld Ã'•tÐ °nd rÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng a document Ð ¾r tÐ µxt Ã'•Ã'€rÃ'â€"nklÐ µd with lÐ ¾tÃ'• Ð ¾f commas. And Ã'â€"Ã'•nt it tÃ'â€"rÃ'â€"ng tÐ ¾ rÐ µÃ °d a lÐ µttÐ µr or an essay thÐ °t dÐ ¾Ã µÃ'•nt hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °nÃ'Æ' comma or Ã'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð ¾d at Ð °ll? WÐ ¾rÃ'•Ð µ, Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¾r Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n can Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•t a business mÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f dÐ ¾llÐ °rÃ'• in lost rÐ µvÐ µnuÐ µÃ'•. There is a number of English writing resources available to help you with punctuation. PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Checkers FÐ ¾r people whÐ ¾ Ã' Ã °rÐ µ Ð µnÐ ¾ugh tÐ ¾ Ð µlÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µ punctuation Ð µrrÐ ¾rÃ'• frÐ ¾m thÐ µÃ'â€"r wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ngÃ'•, Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ language Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"ng tÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n checkers can bÐ µ hÐ µlÃ'€ful. If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u frequentlÃ'Æ' wrÃ'â€"tÐ µ rÐ µÃ'€Ð ¾rtÃ'•, presentations, Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ð °lÃ'•, business lÐ µttÐ µrÃ'•, and other important documents, you can use Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã' hÐ µÃ' kÐ µr Ã'•Ð ¾ftwÐ °rÐ µ to Ã'•Ð µÃ µ Ã'â€"f thÐ µrÐ µ are Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n errors Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u hÐ °vÐ µ made in Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur work. Grammar Books and Favorite Novels They are always great resources. You can see how punctuation is used and the books provide you with some rules that you can apply to use punctuation marks correctly in any sentence. Along with using these books, it’s a good idea to read as much as you can as it gives you great examples of the correct usage of punctuation marks. Editing and Proofreading WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"Ã'• Ð °n art that dÐ µmÐ °ndÃ'• mastering many dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. EdÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng writing, Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' tÃ'â€"ng grammar, Ð °nd using proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n are some of thÐ µÃ'•Ð µ skills. Punctuation is thÐ µ least respected Ã'•kÃ'â€"ll. When wÐ µ thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation, wÐ µ may Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation marks, but Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n is much more. Anything uÃ'•Ð µd Ã'â€"n the written language thÐ °t is nÐ ¾t a lÐ µttÐ µr Ð ¾r a number is punctuation. Thus, punÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'•, Ã'•Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã µÃ'• bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn words and shifts Ð °rÐ µ Ð °ll Ã'€Ð °rt Ð ¾f Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. Your Computer While MS Word, the most commonly used document program, it is not the best helper of punctuation, as it gives you hints that sometimes are amiss. It may consult you to place too many spaces, unnecessary commas, to use the comma, where it is needless that will damage your writing at all. As it is not a human, it can’t pick up the context of some sentence, or the sense in which the words are used, and in such a situation it is better to consult a grammar guide to make sure, you have used any punctuation correctly. But still in most cases MS Word will provide you with reasonable advice. Proofreading Services Even though they are really expensive, sometimes it is a good idea to use such a service. Of course. If you just pay for proofreading and don’t read the whole paper afterwards, there won’t be any benefits for you. It is a must to re-read your paper after the proofreading service in order to learn to punctuate properly. Correct punctuation is a half-way to your success. Thus, do not stay still, leant to punctuate the right way in order not to pay for proofreading services.

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming...

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Norman L Fountain PSY 250 May 4, 2011 Nichelle Ancrum Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Habit as defined in Webster’s as a: a behavior pattern acquired by frequent repetition or physiologic exposure that shows itself in regularity or increased facility of performance b : an acquired mode of behavior that has become nearly or completely involuntary (Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, 2011). Behavior is the manner of conducting oneself or anything that an organism does involving action and response to stimulation. In everyday life habits are formed and intertwined with ones behavior. People are often associated with the way they behave†¦show more content†¦During his experiments Watson used animals and not human subjects. He believed he could get the same results from animals that others did using humans. Traditional behaviorism identifies two basic types of conditioning. Classic conditioning is defined by the repeated exposure of an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response and a neutral stimulus. The developed neutral stimulu s can develop the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. B.F. Skinner developed the more radical approach of Operant conditioning. Operant conditioning results when a behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishment (Burger, 2010). Social cognitive personality development has some similarity as behaviorism. Behavioral and Social learning theories consists of four characteristic: Behaviorism, Basic Principles of Conditioning, Social Learning theory, and Social-Cognitive Theory. Behavioral is regarded as â€Å"attitude change, language acquisition, psychotherapy, student-teacher interaction, problem solving, gender roles, and job satisfaction.† Social learning is regarded as â€Å"thoughts, morals, expectancies, and individual insights† (Burger, 2010). Social-Cognitive theory as described by Albert Bandura engages in thinking and symbolic learning from observation. Behaviorism holds that people are conditioned, or trained, to respond in certain ways by rewards and punishments. Bandura suggested that there must be a way that people canShow MoreRelatedBehavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesBiological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Paper PSY/250 Traci Petteway January 12, 2013 University of Phoenix There are similarities and differences when analyzing the components of biological and humanistic approaches to personality. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs express important aspects of biological factors that approaches personality. Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs focused on a theory of human motivation, management training, and personal development. 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Results I have found an overwhelming amount of information on the various approaches in treating childhoodRead More Comparing Adlerian Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy3619 Words   |  15 Pagesguide me daily as a school counselor. Modern day counseling is equipped with a wide variety of therapies, techniques and approaches. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast three approaches of therapy. Also in this essay the views of the person and the Therapeutic process will be discussed. The three models that are going to be compared are Adlerian, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Solution Focused Brief therapy (SFBT). This essay is going to highlight the similarities and differences

Why Is Theology A Theology - 953 Words

Believing in God constitutes theology. One does not need to spread God’s word or study Him to a certain extent, but only needs to believe in Him and lead a life of what they believe to be holy and godly. To me, I believe that theology is a combination of this belief and the collaboration of various religions to examine new ways to believe in God; whether one follows strict rules to emulate who they believe to be God or if they believe that all religions must come together in order to best interpret God’s will, in both scenarios they are forming their own theology. Christians hold God in the exceptionally high esteem, revolving their entire religion around Him. Showing God to be the highest power, that He is before all, is a true testament to the Christian faith. I am personally tied to this faith, and I believe that Christianity and its many branches and interpretations allow each individual a chance to find holiness and to find God. An example of this ability to find G od is in the case of Abraham in Genesis 22. Abraham is tasked by God to sacrifice his only son to Him, and Abraham follows God’s will with a blind passion. Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son to God is the ultimate testament to his faith. I believe that this passage in Genesis is written in order to summarize all of the roadblocks that one faces when practicing his or her own theology. Abraham’s choice is reflective on his faith and his own personal theology; however, Abraham is an extreme example asShow MoreRelatedWhy Theology Is Faith Seeking Understanding2307 Words   |  10 PagesWhat might it mean to see theology as ‘faith seeking understanding’? When looking at the subject of theology as ‘faith seeking understanding’ one must first have an understanding of what theology and faith are. This understanding will then allow one to look at the question of what it means to see theology as faith seeking to understand God. One must also look at what comes first; ones understanding of God and who He is, thus leading one to faith, or a faith which then leads one to seek to know andRead MoreWhy Should We Study Theology?904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe baseball field and play. You may study theology and religion, but there comes a time when you must experience Christ for yourself. Without complicated theology, God Makes Us Holy guides the reader through restoration, regeneration, sanctification, and resurrection. These basic processes define sin, evil, and the excuses we use to accept them as normal. But mostly, they show God’s desire to mold us into His holy likeness. Why should we study Theology? According to Alister M cGrath, having a religiousRead MoreWhy We Must Study Theologies Sometimes Mess Up Your Brain?760 Words   |  4 PagesHave I told you that studying theologies sometimes mess up your brain? There are lots of theologians who are studying different things, especially in the area that we call â€Å"systematic theology.† Some of the systematic theology studying is related with Bible, studying every verse by verse, and mark up each verses like, this is what Jesus said, this is what disciples understood not directly from Jesus, this one is very similar with some other religions’ ancient praises. Also, when I got in the MethodistRead MoreThe Meaning Of Theology By Michael J. Himes1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe meaning of theology is simple; it is the study of God and religious belief. The definition is plain to see but it’s important to go beyond what is already known. On a deeper level, what is the meaning of theology in respect to a religious community and to a perso n trying to find themselves in God? How is everyone involved in doing theology all the time? In this paper, there will be an in depth analysis on what theology is, why it is important, and how people are engaged in theology all the timeRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to Enns (2008), liberation theology attempts to infer the holy writ through the plight of the poor. This movement originated from South America in the early 1950s when Marxism was the most popular theory among the poor. It was a response to the ill-treatment and poverty facing the ordinary people. It dealt with the issue of distribution of wealth among people in order to upgrade the economic status in life. This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreHow Scientific Information Can Have A Negative Impact On Theological Thoughts990 Words   |  4 Pagespositive impact on theological thoughts. It depends on how it is used. Still to this day, great controversy is amid the link between science and theology. It is indeed one of the most challenging studies today. Some people believe that science explains the why and how behind the creation of life. While others stand firm on reasons in reflection of theology. Theology seeks to provide the understanding of the Word of God in reflection of creation and faith. It is simply the study of the nature of God andRead MoreTheology Is The Science Of God And The Universe961 Words   |  4 Pagesto God, theology is about God and His plan for man. Theology is the science of God and the relations between God and the universe.† In order to first understand if theology is important or not in our lives, it is vital to understand what theology is. In the simplest definition of theology according to Merriam Webster dictionary is â€Å"the study of religious faith, practice, and experience or the study of God and God’s relation to the world.† The more in depth definition of Christian theology on the otherRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1433 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are put at odds by some members of society, those who think that faith and reason are opposites and can never coincide. Ot hers, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. And just as intellectuals of our Church today support the relationship which is otherwise seen as faith and reason, so too did the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure reinforce it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own differentRead MoreCritical Review of â€Å"Theology: the Basics† Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Review: Theology; The Basics By: Luke Knoll Survey Of Christian Beliefs Kerry Pretty Pacific Life Bible College Theology: The Basics; Critical Review As Christians we often believe certain things simply because it’s what our parents and the people around us believe. We often go about our Christian walk without ever giving thought or reason to why we believe what we do. The world of Christian Theology is a place where Christians can find answer to the ‘what and why’ of ChristianityRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1444 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are contrasted by some members of society, specifically those who think that faith and reason can never coincide. Other people, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. Similar to how as intellectuals of our Church today support this relationship, the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure also reinforced it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own (sometimes differing) opinions on what the true relationship

Consequences Of Drinking Alcoholic Beverages With Energy...

Literature Review The practice of adolescents and young adults consuming alcoholic beverages with energy drinks or AmED has elevated concern on the topic of possible increases in detrimental practices with regards to drinking, damaging psychological and physiological side effects from consuming these mixed beverages and behavior that puts the individual and those around them at risk. In order to better see the effects of consuming both alcohol and energy drinks together, authors Amy Peacock, Raimondo Bruno and Frances H. Martin present a study that aims to establish the particular physiological, psychological and behavioral risk-taking consequences of drinking alcoholic beverages with energy drinks in the article, â€Å"The Subjective Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Risk-Taking Consequences of Alcohol and Energy Drink Co-Ingestion.† From the article, Peacock, Bruno and Martin selected participants between May and July of 2011 from a base of 1,113 participants aged 18 or older. The survey recruited participants in the greater Hobart area, near Tasmania, Australia by the use of posters, media reports and the Internet. Participants completed an online survey on their usage pattern of energy drinks and alcohol, both independent and combined usage. Of the 1,113 participants, those who answered less than 50% of the survey, were international residents, and those who were outside the ages of 18 to 35, were excluded from the data. This provided Peacock, Bruno and MartinShow MoreRelatedPestel Analysis of Coca Cola1358 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufacturer, distributor and marketer of beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Coca-Cola is recognized as the world’s most valuable brand. They market four of the world’s top five non-alcoholic sparkling brands, including diet and light beverages, mineral water, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, teas, coffees and energy and sport drinks. Through the world’s largest beverage di stribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the company’s beverages at a rate of approximately 1.5Read MoreEnergy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol priming and related negative consequences4173 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿ Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol priming and related negative consequences School of Social Science SLSY100: Psychology 100 Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and related negative consequences Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between risk-taking propensity; AmED use and the effects these variables had overallRead MoreA Deeper Look On The Alcoholic Environment1350 Words   |  6 PagesLook On The Alcoholic Environment Nowadays the exposition to alcohol consumption is becoming very common among adults and teenagers. Alcoholic addiction is developed in social environment such as living around heavy drinkers, people often are tempted to the taste of alcohol which then becomes an addiction. Either it is a party or a celebration, alcohol is most of the times available; however, there are concerns in society, since the consumption of this drug can bring dangerous consequences. An individual’sRead MoreA Third Of Australian Students Drink At Hazardous Levels1847 Words   |  8 PagesAustralian students drink at hazardous levels. Additionally, according to a study by Kypri, Croni, and Wright (2005), university students are more likely to engage in risky consumption of alcohol as compared to non-student peers of the same age. Recently, combining alcohol and caffeinated drinks, for example energy drinks, has become very popular among alcohol taking university students (Ham Hope, 2003). Some of thes e studies have suggested that use of alcohol combined with caffeinated drinks is more harmfulRead More The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagespeople are taking their first drink is becoming lower each year. Many studies show that preteens are experimenting with alcohol and many are already heavy drinkers (Cahalan 1997). It may be difficult for parents and teachers to believe that a seventh grade student can have an alcohol problem, but a study of student drinking practices shows that 5% of seventh-grade boys and 4.4% of seventh-grade girls are seriously abusing alcohol (Royce 1996). Thats why we see the consequences in terms of antisocial behaviorRead MoreAlcohol and Sports Performance Essay example2074 Words   |  9 Pagesinvolved in a sport has a positive effect on adolescents and keeping them away from alcohol but it showed that in adults it may encourage greater intake of alcohol compared with non-athletic peers. This comes from th e common notion that athletes like to drink together to bond with other players, and the main consumption of alcohol is in a binge-like fashion. The study also points out that, contrary to popular belief, alcohol is a depressant as it slows down the brain and bodily functions. Alcohol willRead MoreLiver Diseases Resulting from Alcohol Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfat build up in the liver and is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease. This condition causes the liver difficulty breaking down alcohol, potentially resulting in alcoholic hepatitis. Fibrosis of the liver, which is also related to heavy drinking, causes scar tissue to build up in the liver. The alcohol alters chemicals that the liver needs to break down this scar tissue, causing liver dysfunctions. If one does not refrain from drinking during the condition of fibrosis, the scar tissue canRead MoreAlcohol, Beverage Or Drug?1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Alcohol, Beverage or Drug?† Since man was able to pick fruits, there has been alcohol. Chemicals created from fermented berries and grapes that bestowed â€Å"power and vision† unto those who ingested it. Alcohol’s roots go much deeper than mankind itself, consequently it has affected us the most. I propose that we look at this vicious beverage from a new, and different light. That we might see it for the uncontrollable drug that it is. First, I will be addressing how addictive alcohol is, then howRead MoreThe Energy Crisis Called Caffeine1172 Words   |  5 PagesDaniel Turner Mrs. Browning ENG 115-15 04/05/2017 The Energy Crisis Called Caffeine In moderns times, people have become more reliant to caffeine and, the amount of it that is available has steadily increased. The amount of caffeine in caffeinated drinks needs to regulated better and its dangers need to be made more well known. Caffeine can cause many health problems, especially when it is misused. Namely, it can cause heart palpitations, twitching. The following paper will hope to cover the dangersRead MoreAddiction : Substance Abuse And Addiction1602 Words   |  7 Pageslater on. Drug babies are being born every day already addicted to the same substances their mothers have abused; they are the ones who truly suffer the greatest consequences of the effects of addiction. Teenagers are peer pressured by the alcohol and beer industries to drink; many alcoholics in our society are a result from binge drinking while in college and even in high school. People bound by these addictions who never get the help they truly need or lose their family and feel alone often com mit

Multicultural Literature Poisoned Story - 2532 Words

Latino culture, specifically Puerto-Rican culture has changed through the course of history. Puerto Rico has witnessed a fusion of races and cultures spanning over many years, starting in 1898, after the Spanish-American war. Ultimately, Puerto Rico was annexed to the United States, the Puerto Rican people made United States citizens with limited restrictions and granted commonwealth status. The changes made during those eras did not come without consequences to the Puerto Rican culture. In Poisoned Story, author Rosario Ferre depicts the political and economic changing norms and tensions between the social classes of the Puerto Ricans culture. In Ferres story Poisoned Story several major themes are prevalent through the story:†¦show more content†¦Rosaura was the daughter of a once wealthy sugar cane plantation owner named Don Lorenzo. It can be assumed that Rosaura was fairly young at the onset of this story, but old enough to read and attend school. Her mother had recentl y died (reason is not specified) and her father quickly remarried to Rosa. This young girl loved to read books in a dense overgrowth of crimson bougainvillea vines (p.1). It should be noted that the color of crimson and red are repetitively used to describe associations with Rosaura. The red association is first in the flower on vine, then in the bloodlike guava compote which gets spilled on Rosas dress. The story represents Rosaura as an educated daughter, a part of the aristocracy who was described to possess the ability to read in a country where the illiteracy rate was very high. It can be assumed through Puerto Rican history and through the narrative description in the story, that unless you were of the wealthy class, education was not an option: ...she was forced to leave school because of his poor business deals (p.9). The literacy rate was very poor in Puerto Rico which was a farming country. The characters that were literate in the Poisoned Story also represent the idea of who usually writes history, which is the literate, or the rich. The structure of the story is centered on the narrative theme of the concept poisoned story. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesRelated Web Sites.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beachams Guide to Literature for Young Adults: About the Author, Overview, Setting, Literary Qualities, Social Sensitivity, Topics for Discussion, Ideas for Reports and Papers.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copywritten by BookRags, Inc. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced orRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesFunds ................................................................ Funds of Auxiliary Organizations ............................................. Safeguarding the Purpose of Funds ......................................... Money for Personal Literature Orders ......... ........................... Proper Method for Payment of Money by Members ................ Receipts to Church Members ................................................... Proper Method of Remitting Funds to the Conference/ Mission/FieldRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds

Othello Character Free Essays

loWhen an individual experiences feelings of jealousy towards their partner in a relationship, it often results in feelings of anger and distrust, which cause them to sabotage the partnership and possibly end it. Shakespeare’s protagonist, Othello, becomes deceived and unable to decide in whom to place his trust. The noble Moor chooses wrongfully and places himself under the loyalty of Iago, allowing him to corrupt and transform him, destroying his sanity and relationships with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Character or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, the Moor’s trustworthiness and envy become his weaknesses and result in his downfall. In the play â€Å"Othello†, by William Shakespeare, the protagonist’s flaws contribute to his downfall from a noble soldier to an irrational man, suggesting that when a an individual experiences jealousy in a relationship, it becomes the corruption that destroys a person’s conscience and ultimately the relationship itself. Othello is initially portrayed as an honest natured individual of royal status and reasonable character. his love for Desdemona, his wife, acquires him the essence of a respectable, loving husband, implying his success as a firm, yet affectionate husband. After Cassio is relieved of his duties by Othello, Desdemona promises to put an effort into convincing her husband to take him back as his lieutenant. After multiple rejections and rebounds, the Moor finally gives in: â€Å"I will deny thee nothing. / Whereon I do beseech thee grant me this, / To leave me but a little to myself† (Oth. 3. 3. 83-85). Although the Moor was very upset with Cassio, Desdemona’s good-natured pleas were enough to change his mind into reconsidering Cassio’s position. In saying that he would â€Å"deny [her] nothing† demonstrates his love for her and suggests that there is a special place in his heart for his sweet wife that he cannot help but succumb to at times. Furthermore, Othello’s strong, sophisticated character is demonstrated through his logic and patience, emphasizing his greatness as a warrior. Upon being accused false doings and being challenged to a duel with his father-in-law, Brabantio, the Moor calmly responds, â€Å"Hold your hands, / Both you of my inclining and the rest. / Where it my cue to fight, i should have known it / Without a prompter† (Oth. . 2. 82-85). Othello’s control over the situation makes it evident that he is a reasonable and gentle man, contrasting his self-control with Brabantio’s lack of restraint. Othello’s composed reaction makes him seem more rational than his racist father-in-law by thinking his actions through before reacting on impulse. Further analyzing the goodn ess of Othello, Anthony Hecht comments, â€Å"While everywhere it is noted that he is given to self-dramatization, Iago, who has no affection for him, admits that he is of a free and open nature. Which is to say, he is both guileless and guileful. There is no question of his courage, nor of his weakness† (Hecht 19). Moreover, the trusting nature of the Moor is reflected in his relationship with others, suggesting his easy-going atmosphere. Needing his wife to be taken care of safely, he tells the Duke, â€Å"So please your grace, my ancient; / A man he is of honesty and trust. / To his conveyance i assign my wife, / With what else needful your good grace shall think / To be sent after me† (Oth. 1. 3. 283-287). Othello’s confidence in his relationship with his ancient, Iago, demonstrates his trusting personality. Once the Moor has belief that a man is trustworthy, he will give them his whole heart, making it evident of his value in loyalty. Yet, Othello’s respectable qualities become the cause of his corruption, which bring upon jealousy, deception, and delusions, ultimately leading him closer to his tragic death. Although the Moor loves Desdemona greatly, his strong bond with her has taken away the control he held for himself. Plotting against him, Iago muses to himself to himself, â€Å"His soul is so enfetter’d to her love / That she may make, unmake, do what she list, / Even as her appetite shall play the god / With his weak function† (Oth. . 3. 316-319). Saying that Othello is â€Å"enfetter’d to her love†, Iago is suggesting that his love for Desdemona is the Moor’s weakness, being â€Å"chained† to her in a way where she â€Å"shall play the god† and take away his mastery since he does not believe the Moor can think for himself. B y willingly being with Desdemona, Othello puts himself in a position of vulnerability and cannot blame anyone else for this but himself. Likewise, without seeming so at first, Othello’s whole hearted trust in Iago becomes a mistake that he is not aware of initially. As Iago utilizes subtle manipulation on the Moor, he successfully plants the seed of doubt in his mind, suggesting Desdemona’s disloyalty to him. Othello says to him: I think thou dost; And, for i know thou’rt full of love and honesty And weigh’st thy words before thou givest them breath Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more; For such things in a false disloyal knave Are tricks of custom; but in a man that’s just They are close dilations, working from the heart That passion cannot rule. (Oth. 3. 3. 117-124) The dramatic and verbal irony when Othello describes Iago’s â€Å"love and honesty† demonstrates his unwise and gullible nature, making his full trust in him an error. The way Iago’s pauses fright [him] the more† concludes that the Moor has been tricked without realizing it and reflects his foolishness despite his strong, controlled character. As critic William Hazlitt suggests, â€Å"Ironically it is Othello’s judgment that allows Iago to manipulate him; Othello is a trusting man who believes that people are what they seem, thus believing in Iago because he appears to be honest and loyal† (Hazlitt 29). Subsequently, logic, patience, and self-restraint has become lost in the Moor once his emotions have been used against him and his jealousy is played on. After Iago explains a dream he heard Cassio had about making love to Desdemona to Othello, the Moor says, â€Å"But this denoted a foregone conclusion: ‘Tis a shrewd doubt, though it be but a dream† (Oth. 3. 3. 428-429). Then almost immediately after he concludes that â€Å"[he] will tear her all to pieces† (Oth. 3. 3. 432). Othello at this point in the play has transformed from the loving husband he once was, to a jealous individual that must act on his envy as soon as the chance arises. Ignoring the absence of solid proof his wife’s disloyalty, he has let Iago torture his conscience with lies and consequently confusing and agitating his sanity. Consequently, Othello’s corruption leads to chaos as he realizes too late the destruction his actions have caused that eventually bring him to his tragic death. His hamartia has come into play, which brings upon anarchy and reflects Othello’s loss of control and reason. Convinced without proof that Desdemona has been cheating on him, he proclaims to Iago, â€Å"Damn her, lewd minx! O, damn her! / Come, go with me apart. I will withdraw / To urnish me with some swift means of death / For the fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant† (Oth. 3. 3. 475-478). The Moor’s marriage is officially destroyed and his conclusion to make Iago, the man responsible for causing him grief, his new lieutenant guarantees his doom. His quick decision to kill Desdemona for her unfaithfulness without real evidence de monstrates the destruction his jealousy has caused to their relationship. Inevitably, Othello’s corruption becomes an unstoppable force, which ends in the deaths of many innocent lives. After killing his wide and confessing so to Emilia, Iago’s wife, Othello explains: â€Å"Cassio did top her. Ask thy husband else. / O, I were damn’d beneath all depth in hell / But that I did proceed upon just grounds / To this extremity. Thy husband knew it all† (Oth. 5. 2. 136-139). Dramatic irony emphasizes how confused the Moor really is about what is delusion and what is reality because he uses Iago’s word as proof, which is false, as well as going as far as to say â€Å"I did proceed upon just grounds to this extremity. † Othello did not actually have a just reason for committing his murderous act as Iago never gave him proof, reflecting the way in which jealousy corrupts the mind and an individual’s entire reasoning. This all becomes evident once chaos was unleashed upon the Moor, which consequently costs him his nobility, marriage and life. The Moor realizes his mistakes too late, but comes to understand that he is reasonably the one to blame for all the devastation he has caused. Upon becoming aware of Iago’s true intentions and Desdemona’s faithfulness, Othello speaks some of his last words: When you shall these unlucky deeds relate, Speak of me as I am. Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice. Then must you speak Of one that loved not wisely, but too well; Of one not easily jealous, but, being wrought, Perplex’d in the extreme; of one whose hand, Like the base Judean, thew a pearl away Richer than all his tribe; (Oth. 5. 2. 341-349) Thus, Othello finally realizes his emotions were manipulated to do the deeds of an evil man he once trusted. A part of his old noble character us shown when he asks the soldiers to â€Å"speak of [him] as [he is]. Nothing extenuate, / Nor set down aught in malice. † His humbleness is paired with bitterness because of the needless death of his wife brought upon by his own envious actions, demonstrating his own contribution to his tragic death. Also, as Shawn Smith believes,†If Othello earlier in the scene has been a minister of justice deliberating Desdemona’s fate, he is now turning judicial attention to himself, and in doing so he recognizes his own mis-judgments. It is here we see Othello returning to his exotic narratives we associate with his language in the earliest scenes of the play. And in his return to these exotic narratives, Othello offers his retreat from Venetian life – and, indeed, life altogether† (Smith 47). He simply cannot deny the errors in his accusations and the killing of his wife, foolishly â€Å"[throwing] a pearl away. â€Å" By experiencing the delusions of envy, Othello himself becomes the evil force behind the deception and deaths of innocent people, including his own. He is initially loved and respected by many for his lpyalty, royal status, and honourable marriage. Nonetheless, the qualities he is honoured for become his imperfections, resulting in deception, jealousy, and his fall from nobility. Consequently, chaos ensues and destroys a once loving marriage and sane man. Thus, jealousy transforms an individual to harm those they love most, a dangerous and monstrous emotion that requires reason and logic to restrain it from destroying relationships. How to cite Othello Character, Papers

Methodology of Management Hypercompetition †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methodology of Management Hypercompetition. Answer: Introduction: The information system and the change in the organizational design aligned properly with the changes implemented in the business strategy. The utilization of 90% components in just one designed was changed and almost same components was utilized in the new products. The new business strategy imparted high benefits and changes in the organizational design aided in achieving the profits. The methodology of the product was changed and new products were introduced leading to huge gain of profits. Moreover, expanding the business by covering the entire population proved to be highly beneficial for the organization. Moreover, the Information system also provided accurate results. The Lego Company was centered on the creation of art rather than just building out toys. Moreover, the Company used to incorporate creativity and innovation in the product at the cost of profits. They used to provide the best quality products at a minimal cost thereby suffering great losses to the Company. Moreover, the raw materials used were of the best quality and were distinct which stated that the requirements of different products are different (Negev et al., 2018). This would also lead to immense loss as huge amount of raw materials were left unused. Does the changes implemented lead to hyper competition? There were drastic changes implemented by the new CEO of Lego, such as reduction in the investment and huge gain of profits. Moreover, production of toys relating to star wars and other characters gained huge market. Its involvement into the virtual world that incorporated video games and virtual interactions also gained huge market. There were reduction in cost and introduction of brand ambassador introduced huge benefits to the company leading to hyper competition in the market (Vasiltsova et al., 2015). In addition to these, the involvement of the company in the movie making business further alarmed the competitors, thereby leading to hyper competition in the market. The company should provide proper training to the employees such that they would gather better skills and design more innovative products. Moreover, proper cost analysis should be done on a regular interval such to remain updated of the capitals invested and revenue received. Moreover, the defaults must be identified properly and specific changes should be implemented such that the company keeps on growing. The enhancement of the skill set of the employees can also lead to vast growth of the company. The quality of the product should be maintained properly and cost should not be too high. References Negev, M., Berman, T., Reicher, S., Sadeh, M., Ardi, R. and Shammai, Y., 2018. Concentrations of trace metals, phthalates, bisphenol A and flame-retardants in toys and other children's products in Israel.Chemosphere,192, pp.217-224. Vasiltsova, V.M., Dyatlov, S.A., Vasiltsov, V.S., Bezrukova, T.L. and Bezrukov, B.A., 2015. Methodology of management innovation hypercompetition.Asian Social Science,11(20), p.165.

WATER POLLUTION Essays (227 words) - Aquatic Ecology,

Nowadays, no part of environment has escaped the effects of pollution. The environmentalists warn that water pollution specifically is getting dangerous and harmful to nature and humanity. Thus, to help reducing this problem, we have to know the causes of this phenomenon and then find the suitable solutions. The clean and fresh water we drink takes a long way to reach us. Unfortunately, with oil spills from ships, and the dumping of waste and sewage into rivers and seas, And on beaches, it is getting dirty and weird. Because of this there are certain substances that have been thrown into water to get ride of pollution poisons. These substances are mostly bad for health. Therefore water pollution is leading to the death of plant, animal and human life. Since water is very important to life on our planet people all over the world are looking for ways to make it clean again. Recoiling is an effective solution. Rather than throwing the used products in rivers or seas we can recycle it and use it again. Sensitizing people to the danger of water pollution is very useful too. Also making laws that punish the responsible for pollution will help a lot. Finally, all humans, birds and animals can not live without clean water. That?s why we have to work hard to save and protect water

What Are the Benefits of Writing a Descriptive Sample For a Nursing Student?

What Are the Benefits of Writing a Descriptive Sample For a Nursing Student?Descriptive sample essays for nursing students are an important part of the selection process for entering the career. The selection process may seem a bit daunting, but it really isn't. These samples are simple and easy to write, making the selection process much easier than the regular selection process.Most prospective students think that they have to write a full-length composition. That's not always the case, but sometimes writing a short essay is enough. A descriptive sample allows you to go back over the material that you've already written and see if anything has changed. If there's anything that needs adjusting, a quick change can save you time in the future.When writing a descriptive sample, the same thought process is used as when writing a normal, full-length essay. In other words, you must organize your thoughts, think logically, and come up with a plan for your essay. You will need to analyze wh at has been said, and determine if it makes sense. Many times students skip this step, because they're afraid that they don't know what the material means.Many high school students would never consider writing a descriptive essay. It would be seen as silly, childish, or some other negative thing. The reason that they may think that they can't write a good descriptive essay is because they've never had any sort of difficult situation in their life, or because they lack confidence. Those problems aren't experienced by anyone who attends college.What if you have a problem, or a great idea, that you can't find a way to express? How do you go about expressing that idea? This situation isn't always a big problem, but in some cases, it's probably best if you simply use a single word. Sometimes you have to use one word. Another option is to use a shorthand, such as using big letters for longer words.Using a descriptive sample for your essays is easy to do. Many companies and universities re quire descriptive samples for the purpose of getting the most out of each student.If you've never done this before, you should probably do so, because it will help you focus on the basic topic, instead of thinking about how many times you need to say it. It's actually a simple process. If you're looking for a concise, easy to understand description, then using a descriptive sample essay is the answer.

Freud - Father Of Psychology Essays - Freudian Psychology

Freud - Father Of Psychology Essays - Freudian Psychology Freud - Father Of Psychology Known as the father of psychology, Freud developed many of the first theories of modern physiology. His ideas and concepts will continue to be studied through the years. He put forth many new concepts about sexuality, consciousness, unconsciousness and instincts. He spent his whole life devoted to discovering the secrets of the human nature. Personally I think this guy was weird. Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiburg. The town of Freiburg later became Pribor and was eventually absorbed into the modern state of Czechoslovakia. Freuds father, name Jakob Freud was a Jewish wool merchant. Freuds mother Amalie Nathanson was from Galicia. She was Jakobs second wife. Sigmund had eight brothers and sisters in all. Two of which were from Jakobs first marriage. The other six were from Amelia. His first influences to science were when he heard lectures on Goethe. In 1873 he applied to the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna, here was where he changed his name from Sigismund to Sigmund. He earned is doctorate in medicine and worked as a research assistant under Ernst Von Brucke, as a neurologist. In 1882, Freud became interested in the effects and benefits of cocaine. He spent long hours recording the effects they had on his body. These studies hurt his status as a scientist because other scientists already documented the harmful effects cocaine h as on the body. In 1886 Freud started his first office of neurology in Vienna. That same year he married Martha Bernays. This marriage produced six children named Mathilde, Martin, Oliver, Ernst, Sophia and Anna. Also around that time in 1885 he produced his studies on hysteria. In 1900 Freud published his first book called the Interpretation of Dreams, which made him famous. The next year he published Psycho Pathology of Everyday Life. Also in 1901 he became an associate professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna, where he gained his doctorate. Later he founded the International Association of Psychoanalysis in 1910. In 1920 he was hired as a full professor of the University of Vienna where he gained vast experience with patients, sometimes spending up to twelve hours with single patients. Also in 1920 he published Beyond the Pleasure Principle. In 1923 Freud became ill with cancer. To deal with the pain Freud developed an intense and uncontrollable cocaine ha bit. In 1939 Freud died of cancer in London at age 83. His daughter Anna later became a pioneer creating child psychoanalysis and founding the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic. Freud developed theories about the parts of the conscious and unconscious which developed during the first eight years of life. He separated it into three parts: the id, ego and super ego. The id possesses the instincts that we gain at conception. The id is the most important part of the three components. The id provides the basic necessities, such as the will to survive, obtain food and seek shelter. The ego drives the voluntary behavior of the human body. It is the link between the id and the outside world. It is gives one as the ability to choose. The egos main job is the awareness of stimuli. The id and the ego control the demands of instincts and they have many important defenses against anxiety. Displacement directs energy onto another object, e.g. blaming others. Rationalization, sublimation, and regression are among the other defense mechanisms of the id and ego. The third and last aspect of the mind is the super ego, also known as the conscience. It basically maintains the i nformation learned from the parents admonitions through the early years of life. It represents lessons and experiences a human goes through during his/her lifetime. Freud developed a theory that each of the three basic mental parts keeps each other in check. Like the checks and balances system our government uses. So that each has a specific power over the other but all are equal. Freud tried to narrow down all the needs the mind wants to only the basic necessities or libido. Freud sought to break down childhood into four basic periods of conflict. Anxiety occurs if the needs of the child are not met.

Vexillology - the Study of Flags

Vexillology - the Study of Flags Vexillology is the scholarly study of something seen very associated with geography - flags! The word comes from the Latin vexillum, meaning flag or banner. Flags originally helped ancient armies coordinate on the battlefield. Today, every country and many organizations have a flag. Flags can represent land or maritime boundaries and possessions. Flags are usually hoisted on a flagpole and flown so that everyone can be reminded of the values and history of the country. Flags incite patriotism and respect for those who lost their lives fighting for its values. Common Flag Designs Many flags have three vertical (pales) or horizontal (fesses) divisions, each of a different or rotating color. Frances Tricolore has vertical divisions of blue, white, and red. Hungarys flag has horizontal bands of red, white, and green. The Scandinavian countries all have crosses of different colors on their flags, representing Christianity. Denmarks flag is the oldest flag design still in use, as it was designed in the 13th century. Many flags, such as Turkey, Algeria, Pakistan, and Israel have images of religious symbols, such as crescents to represent Islam. Many countries in Africa have green, red, black, and yellow on their flags, representing people, bloodshed, fertile land, and hope for independence and peace (for example - Uganda and the Republic of the Congo). Some flags show national coats of arms or shields, such as Spain. Vexillology Is Based on Colors and Symbols A vexillologist is someone who designs flags. A vexillographer studies flags and what their shapes, patterns, colors, and images represent. For example, the flag of Mexico has three colors - green, white, and red, formed in vertical lines of equal size. In the center is a picture of the Mexican coat of arms, a Golden Eagle eating a snake. This represents Mexicos Aztec history. Green represents hope, white represents purity, and red represents religion. Vexillographers also study the changes made to flags through time. For example, the previous flag of Rwanda had a large R in the middle. It was changed in 2001 (new flag) because the flag was largely seen as a symbol of the horrific 1994 Rwandan genocide. Prominent Vexillologists and Vexillographers There are perhaps two main authorities on flags today. Dr. Whitney Smith, an American, coined the term vexillology in 1957 when he was a teenager. Today, he is a flag scholar and helped create the North American Vexillological Association in the late 1960s. He runs the Flag Research Center in Massachusetts. Many countries have recognized his great abilities and asked for his help designing their flags. He was chosen to design the flag of Guyana in 1966. After studying the countrys culture, economy, and history, he made green represent Guyanas agriculture, gold represents great mineral deposits, and red represents the peoples great determination and love for their country. Graham Bartram is a British vexillologist who designed the most commonly used flag for Antarctica. It has a light blue background with a white map of Antarctica in the center. The United States Flag The United States flag has thirteen stripes, for the thirteen original colonies, and one star for every state. The United Kingdom Flag The United Kingdoms flag, called the Union Jack, is a combination of the flags of patron saints St. George, St. Patrick, and St. Andrew. The Union Jack appears on the flag of numerous other countries and territories, which were historically or currently are possessions of the United Kingdom. Unusually Shaped or Designed Flags Every countrys flag is a quadrilateral except for Nepals flag. It is shaped like two stacked triangles, representing the Himalaya Mountains and the two religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. The sun and moon represent the hope that the country will live as long as these celestial bodies. (Znamierowski) Switzerland and the Vatican City are the only two countries with square flags. Libyas flag is entirely green, representing Islam. It has no other colors or designs, making it the only flag like it in the world. Bhutans flag has a dragon on it. It is called the Thunder Dragon, which is the symbol of the nation. Kenyas flag has a shield on it, representing the courage of the Masai warriors. The flag of Cyprus has an outline of the country on it. Cambodias flag has Angkor Wat on it, a popular historical attraction. Flags That Differ on Their Front and Reverse Sides Saudi Arabias flag has a sword and the Arabic inscription for There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Since the flag contains sacred writing, the reverse side of the flag is a duplicate of the front and two flags are usually sewn together. The reverse side of Moldovas flag does not include the emblem. The reverse side of Paraguays flag contains the treasury seal. The flag of the U.S. state of Oregon has the state seal on the front and the reverse side includes a beaver. States and Provinces Each U.S. state and Canadian province has its own unique flag. Some flags are quite unique. Californias flag has a picture of a grizzly bear, which represents strength. The states flag also includes the inscription, California Republic, referring to the short period of time that California had declared independence from Mexico. Wyomings flag has a picture of a bison, for Wyomings agricultural and livestock heritage. The red symbolizes Native Americans and the blue represents landscapes such as skies and mountains. The state of Washingtons flag has a portrait of President George Washington. Ohios flag is shaped like a pennant. It is the only state flag that is not rectangular. New Brunswick, a Canadian province, has a picture of a ship on its flag for its shipbuilding and seafaring history. Conclusion Flags have many similarities, but many are quite distinctive. Flags symbolize past struggles such as bloody quests for independence, present virtues and identity, and future goals of a country and its inhabitants. Vexillologists and vexillographers research how flags change through time, and how that knowledge can be used to make the world more peaceful and diplomatic, as many people are willing to die to defend their beloved countrys flag and its values. Reference Znamierowski, Alfred. The World Encyclopedia of Flags. Hermes House, 2003.

Research and journalism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research and journalism - Article Example Research on the other hand is a more long term longitudinal study based on foresight regarding future trends or events over a period of time. This is one of the most basic differences that makes journalism and research take on divergent roles. The collection of data is crucial to both journalism and research. According to Sedlmeier et al (1989), research is not a copy of record, as opposed to journalism. Here, it may be seen that journalism acts as a record of facts on which public opinion is molded and set forth. Yet, research is based on longitudinal studies that depend on the careful selection of subjects as well as focus groups upon whom analysis is conducted for a logical conclusion. To begin with, one has to understand research design in context of philosophy as a style of writing or expressing ideas. This has a nexus with positivism as well as interpretivism in understanding how knowledge is gathered and used. Johnson et al's text (2000) starts with a study of innate notions. This portion of the book is a study of the elements that lead to speculation and a subsequent formation of perspective. This points to positivism. Throughout this part, the authors have managed to hook the reader on to the idea that speculation is an element that must be used in very discreet doses as more of it can damage the practical side of things in one's mind. (Johnson et al, 2000) As a philosophical notion, this is an ideal that is true to writing. In writing, it is imperative to stick to a certain balance between factual information and a small amount of speculation. This holds on to people's imagination and memories. Therefore, in this part of the book, the authors have merely de scribed a style of writing that has to do with organising ideas and information or interpretivism. This sets the stage for understanding and differentiating between epistemology and ontology. Further into the book, one will find ideals that are connected with principles in the mind. The mind is an organ that churns out thoughts and expressions of the same. These expressions are a part of the basic mental setup of the person concerned. This quality, in turn, springs from an ability to form a successful marriage between imagination and the overall truth surrounding a person. Therefore, these principles work towards defining a certain kind of writing and research design that can be applied by any person for means of appropriate self expression. (Johnson et al, 2000) The second part of the book is about Ideas, which relates to journalism rather than research. Journalism is a field where ideation is an important phase before one begins to actually put the ideas down on pen and paper. Where does this ideation happen' It happens during one's life experiences. These life experiences revolve around the garnering of values and ideals in life. One's writing often depicts the state of one's belief system. Thus, in describing ideas, Locke has managed to show what a person's preliminary research in writing is based on. This preliminary research comes from what is within oneself. (Locke, 2007) Therefore, as far as data collection is concerned, positivism is the approach used by research, while interpretivism is the appr

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Law - Essay Example The threat does not come from a charging cavalry but from a small group of individuals, specifically armed civilians, clandestinely operating to undermine an entire country or its economy. There is no declaration of war. The enemy simply launches an attack from within where majority of the casualties are innocent civilians. This is the era of unconventional warfare. Unlike war and belligerency which are governed by specific set of rules under the United Nations conventions and treaties, there exist no specific rules in international law that apply to unconventional conflicts.1 Unlike terrorists, the community of nations adheres to laws that govern the conduct of war, including but not limited to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, the Hague Conventions, and the 1977 Protocols to the Geneva Conventions. These basic laws are then complemented and supplemented by the human rights conventions and treaties. The absence of specific rules that apply to unconventional conflicts like terrorism gi ve rise to the debate as to whether or not unconventional conflicts can be legally regulated without conferring legal rights to terrorists. I submit to resolve the issue at hand in the negative. No, unconventional conflicts cannot be legally regulated without conferring legal rights to terrorists. ... Rumsfeld. The court ruled that Hamdan is entitled to the rights set forth in the common Article 3 of the four Geneva Conventions.2 In particular, these conventions are: first, the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field; second, the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea; third, the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War; and fourth, the Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.3 While the first three conventions govern the conduct of war between armed combatants and all those directly involved in the armed conflict, the last convention provides regulations as to how these combatants should conduct themselves with regard to unarmed civilians.4 The Geneva Conventions specifically declared under Article 2 thereof that â€Å"the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them. The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.† Moreover it bears stressing that the conventions also provide in Article 3 thereof that, â€Å"Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any

An Analysis Of The Asian Financial Crisis

An Analysis Of The Asian Financial Crisis The miracle that was East Asia came to a sudden halt in 1997.  After growing by an annual average of more than 8%, Asian economies not only shifted to lower gear, they even reversed course.  The collapse of the Thai baht in July 1997 sparked off a massive financial and economic maelstrom in the region.  As exchange rates and stock markets plunged, foreign debt denominated in foreign currencies soared.  Many domestic firms became insolvent, interest rates skyrocketed and credits dried up as panic by domestic and international investors ensued.  Meanwhile ethnic tensions, erstwhile contained by strong economic growth, flared up again, particularly in Indonesia.  This, in a nutshell, was the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis. Despite prompt and concerted attempts by developing countries, industrial countries and international organization to contain it, the Asian Crisis of 1997 spread to other Asian, Latin and Eastern European economies to varying degrees. In fact, this crisis put one third of the globe into recession in 1998. The crisis raised various questions regarding, not only the future of the regions economy but also about the impact of the crisis on various multinational companies and the world. Reasons Although explanations differ, most accounts now agree that the weakness of Asian financial systems was pivotal. One scenario was that, the liberalization of capital accounts and financial systems in Asia interacted with poor and inadequate regulatory structures.  This led to rapid domestic expansion, as reflected in asset price bubbles, which in turn fuelled more borrowing.  As a result, the economy was held hostage to shocks like changing investor expectations.  When external events pricked the bubble, the spiraling increase in asset inflation became a downward spiral of asset collapses. Another scenario highlights the role of short-term maturity debt and the term structure mismatch between assets and liabilities that made these economies extremely sensitive to investor expectations.  The short-term liabilities of Asian ec`onomies were very high, with someparticularly Thailand, Korea, Indonesia, and Malaysia far exceeding their liquid reserves prior to the crisis.  This made them extremely vulnerable to sudden calls for repayments. Yet another scenario emphasizes the policies of fixed exchange rates followed by Asian governments, which encouraged over borrowing and contributed to the fragility of the financial sector.  When the US dollar appreciated against major industrial currencies, the Asian economies whose currencies were pegged to the dollar also appreciated, thus worsening their export competitiveness.  Poor export performance due to lower competitiveness was compounded by weak domestic demand from Japan, and low cyclical demand for semiconductors worldwide.  This, combined with the vulnerability of Asian financial systems, changed the overly optimistic outlook on Asia.  The stage was thus set for the currency attack and financial crisis. The question still being debated, however, is what made these economies pursue policies that rendered them vulnerable to external shocks, and what economic incentives or disincentives led to the weakening of the Asian financial structure, apparently to its very core? Although much has been written about the Asian financial crisis, two competing explanations dominate the debate over the root cause of the crisis.  One story is that the Asian financial crisis was caused by a panic-induced illiquidity of capital markets, the panic hypothesis or illiquidity hypothesis.  The other story maintains that the Asian financial crisis stemmed from latent structural defects, induced by adverse incentives, which then encouraged excessive risk taking, the so-called moral hazard hypothesis. Panic Illiquidity The panic view, simply told, is that the frenzied haste to divest out of the region resulted in costly asset liquidations, asset price collapses, domestic bank runs and the drying up of credit.  According to those in this camp, economic fundamentals, including government policies in crisis countries may have been unsatisfactory, but did not warrant a crisis.  Real exchange rates, for instance, were only slightly overvalued.  Instead, the crisis occurred because of adverse shifts in market expectations.  These shifts can generally be precipitated by almost anything like the collapse of a big bank, political turmoil or lackluster export performance.  Once panic prevails, however, sound fundamentals become irrelevant.  Market expectations are therefore the key to understanding crises. What the panic hypothesis highlights is the inherent instability of international financial markets.   Structural Defects Moral Hazards The moral hazard view attempts to explain why economies like Thailand, Korea, and Indonesia reached such a level of vulnerability that they were like disasters waiting to happen.  This view maintains that the root cause of the crisis lays in the wrong economic incentivesinduced by implicit or explicit government guarantees, connections with the powers-that-be or interlocking ownership structures-which then led to over borrowing, over lending, and over-investment. In other words, the moral hazard view places bad government policies at the heart of the crisis, even though these very policies were once lauded for achieving fast growth and material improvement for so many people.  The point, however, that the moral hazard camp tries to drive home is that the vulnerability of the Asian economies resulted from the accumulation of many years of bad habits, glossed over while the going was good.  Some of these bad habits were actually residues of the industrial policies and winner-pick ing that, ironically, was thought to have propelled these economies to tiger hood. Policy Implications from the Lessons Learnt The divide between the two views extends to policy implications for a post-crisis, global financial environment.  On the one hand, the panic camps main policy focus was on reform of the international financial system, the inherent instability of which was spotlighted in the Asian crisis.  Grand proposals like the need for an international lender-of-last-resort, an international bankruptcy court, burden sharing between private creditor and borrower alike in the event of a systemic crisis, and better provision of information to minimize uncertainty, were the major policy prescriptions of panic view adherents. The moral hazard camp, on the other hand, was more concerned with removing the incentives that gave rise to economic vulnerability.  It proposed an arms length relationship between banks, instead of the old cozy relationships.  It also advocated increased transparency and improved corporate governance, as well as the strengthening of banking supervision and regulation. Most of the policy recommendations for strengthening the international financial system focused on the following: Improving Corporate Governance Improving corporate governance means addressing the bad incentives or moral hazards stemming from certain ownership structures.  In Asia, these structures include interlocking directorships between banks and firms; family-dominated, corporate ownership; ineffective legal and regulatory frameworks; and a lack of transparency and adequate disclosure rules.  These all contributed to the overleveraged characteristics of Asian corporations.  For this reason, an effective legal and regulatory framework, coupled with strict rules of transparency and disclosure, is fundamental for sound corporate governance and efforts are going on in this direction. Financial Restructuring Closely connected to corporate governance reforms is the supervision of banks and the financial sector.  In contrast to governance issues, however, this is more straightforward.  Bank restructuring, for instance, has had a slow start but has nevertheless advanced.  Solvent firms have been closed, some banks have been recapitalized, mergers are taking place, and Asian governments have established appropriate agencies to take care of foreclosed assets.  Rules on the foreign ownership of banks and financial institutions have also become more liberal, non-performing loans are finally being tackled, and securitization attempted. Financial restructuring must go hand in hand with better corporate governance and an improved regulatory and supervisory structure.  Supervision needs to be tight and strong, professional and arms length.   Regional Cooperation The imperative for maintaining the momentum of systemic and institutional restructuring lies with national governments, but there is some scope for support at the regional and international levels.  Opportunities exist, at a regional level, for East Asian governments to engage in policy consultation and to share their experiences in reforming the corporate and banking sectors.  The formation of the ASEAN Surveillance process is a significant development along these lines.  Its main purpose is to set up a monitoring and early warning system for the region, but it also provides the institutional setting where a frank exchange of views on policy directions in ASEAN can take place and where joint action, if appropriate, can be forged.   Performance of East Asian Economies and Financial Markets since the Crisis After the outburst of the crisis, East Asia recovered at an impressive pace. For those countries most affected by this financial crunch (e.g., Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea), their real GDP growth rates turned from negative in 1998 to positive in 1999 and 2000, and their currency and stock markets also largely recovered. Moreover, interest rates remained below pre-crisis levels, and inflation was well controlled for some time. In addition to the favorable domestic environment for these countries, the international economy also showed an unusually strong performance, giving East Asias economy a lift. The world GDP growth rate surpassed 4.1% in 2000, more than twice the rate of 1998; and the international trade growth rate reached 11% in 2000, more than twice the rate of 1999. Two major factors appeared to explain this fast recovery: Strong U.S. economic growth and currency value. Net cash inflows in foreign direct investment and current account surplus of crisis-hit countries. Factors Contributing to Recovery Following factors appeared to contribute towards the recovery from the crisis: Strong economic growth and solid currency value of the U.S.: The economic growth and the rising import demand of the U.S. generated a positive shock and exerted a strong influence on East Asian emerging economies. We note that the U.S. recorded a strong GDP expansion after the crisis, with growth rates of 4.5% in 1997, 4.3% in 1998, and 3.8% in 1999, and the value of U.S. dollar exhibited an upward trend in those three years. Stimulated by an expanding economy and currency appreciation, the domestic demand for import went up strongly in the U.S. throughout the post-crisis period, creating tremendous export opportunities for East Asian economies. Net cash inflows in FDI and current account: In 1996, the net direct investment and other capital accounts were in surplus, while the current account was in deficit. After the crisis, massive foreign capital fled East Asia. The deficit of capital account was large, which further contributed to the instability in this region. How-ever, the net direct investment remained in surplus and the outflow in capital account slowed down considerably in 1999. In addition, the current account reversed from deficit to surplus after the crisis largely due to increasing ex-ports to the U.S. The overall cash flow balance turned from negative to positive in 1998 because of the sizable surplus in current account and the net inflows in capital account. Hence, the net cash inflows in 1998, 1999, and 2000 have helped the crisis-hit countries build up substantial foreign reserves. Conclusion The Asian crisis was an eye-opener.  The Achilles heel of the Asian economies, their financial systems finally gave in after years of excess.  What caused the financial systems to give way is still a matter of academic debate. A pragmatic reading of the crisis suggests that the bulk of the policy responses had to be carried out on the home front.  It is imperative that domestic reforms focus on both systemic and institutional restructuring.  Asia clearly needed and needs to change continuously.  It needs to be open to the West and the Western style of business, from the provision of information to business relationships.  Domestic efforts should also be supported by regional and international mechanisms.